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Article

Buccal Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana Shaw) Oil Emulsion: A Mucoadhesive System Intended for Treatment of Oral Candidiasis

by
Susiane S. Moreira-Oliveira
1,
Lucas Amaral-Machado
1,
Wógenes Nunes De Oliveira
2,
Éverton N. Alencar
3,
Kelly Cristine Zatta
4,
Luanda B. F. C. De Souza
2,
Aldo da Cunha Medeiros
5,
Guilherme Maranhão Chaves
1,2 and
Eryvaldo S. T. Egito
1,2,3,6,*
1
Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Av. General Gustavo Cordeiro de Faria-SN-Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil
2
Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, UFRN, Av. General Gustavo Cordeiro de Faria-SN-Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil
3
Laboratory of Dispersed Systems (LaSiD), UFRN, Av. General Gustavo Cordeiro de Faria-SN-Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil
4
Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Ipiranga-2752-Santana, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil
5
Department of Surgery, UFRN Av. General Gustavo Cordeiro de Faria-SN-Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil
6
Laboratório de Sistemas Dispersos, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Rua Praia de Areia Branca, 8948, Natal 59094-450, RN, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Pharmaceutics 2018, 10(4), 257; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics10040257
Submission received: 20 October 2018 / Revised: 5 November 2018 / Accepted: 7 November 2018 / Published: 3 December 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Buccal Drug Delivery)
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Abstract

Oral candidiasis (OC) is an infectious disease caused by microorganisms of the genus Candida, leading to lesions in the buccal cavity. Its treatment consists of the administration of topical or systemic antifungal agents, which may compromise the patient compliance due to its side effects, highlighting the need for alternative treatments. In this scenario, bullfrog oil, an animal oil composed of a pool of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, is introduced as a potential antifungal raw material. Thus, the aim of this work was to produce a mucoadhesive emulsified system able to deliver the bullfrog oil in the buccal cavity to treat the OC. The emulsion was produced and characterized by visual inspection, droplet size, polydispersity index (PdI), and zeta potential over the course of 60 days. In addition, its mucoadhesive ability was evaluated using an in vitro mucin model. The antifungal activity, evaluated by the broth microdilution assay and the biocompatibility, performed against human erythrocytes, were also carried out. The emulsion showed a droplet size of 320.79 ± 35.60 nm, a PdI of 0.49 ± 0.08, and a zeta potential of −38.53 ± 6.23 mV, with no significant changes over 60 days. The mucoadhesive properties of the system was improved by the use of pharmaceutical excipients. The antifungal activity showed that the bullfrog oil and the emulsion were able to inhibit the growth of different Candida species. Furthermore, the emulsion showed no significant hemolytic effect. Overall, the system showed suitable physicochemical characteristics and biocompatibility, with substantial in vitro antifungal activity, suggesting that this system can be further investigated for OC treatment.
Keywords: bullfrog oil; buccal emulsion; mucoadhesivity; antifungal activity; biocompatibility bullfrog oil; buccal emulsion; mucoadhesivity; antifungal activity; biocompatibility
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MDPI and ACS Style

Moreira-Oliveira, S.S.; Amaral-Machado, L.; De Oliveira, W.N.; Alencar, É.N.; Zatta, K.C.; De Souza, L.B.F.C.; Medeiros, A.d.C.; Chaves, G.M.; Egito, E.S.T. Buccal Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana Shaw) Oil Emulsion: A Mucoadhesive System Intended for Treatment of Oral Candidiasis. Pharmaceutics 2018, 10, 257. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics10040257

AMA Style

Moreira-Oliveira SS, Amaral-Machado L, De Oliveira WN, Alencar ÉN, Zatta KC, De Souza LBFC, Medeiros AdC, Chaves GM, Egito EST. Buccal Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana Shaw) Oil Emulsion: A Mucoadhesive System Intended for Treatment of Oral Candidiasis. Pharmaceutics. 2018; 10(4):257. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics10040257

Chicago/Turabian Style

Moreira-Oliveira, Susiane S., Lucas Amaral-Machado, Wógenes Nunes De Oliveira, Éverton N. Alencar, Kelly Cristine Zatta, Luanda B. F. C. De Souza, Aldo da Cunha Medeiros, Guilherme Maranhão Chaves, and Eryvaldo S. T. Egito. 2018. "Buccal Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana Shaw) Oil Emulsion: A Mucoadhesive System Intended for Treatment of Oral Candidiasis" Pharmaceutics 10, no. 4: 257. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics10040257

APA Style

Moreira-Oliveira, S. S., Amaral-Machado, L., De Oliveira, W. N., Alencar, É. N., Zatta, K. C., De Souza, L. B. F. C., Medeiros, A. d. C., Chaves, G. M., & Egito, E. S. T. (2018). Buccal Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana Shaw) Oil Emulsion: A Mucoadhesive System Intended for Treatment of Oral Candidiasis. Pharmaceutics, 10(4), 257. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics10040257

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