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Pharmaceutics
Volume 10
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10.3390/pharmaceutics10020046
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Article

Acyclovir-Loaded Chitosan Nanospheres from Nano-Emulsion Templating for the Topical Treatment of Herpesviruses Infections

by
Manuela Donalisio
1,†,
Federica Leone
2,3,†,
Andrea Civra
1,
Rita Spagnolo
2,
Ozgen Ozer
4,
David Lembo
1 and
Roberta Cavalli
2,*
1
Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy
2
Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
3
Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico of Turin, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
4
Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, EGE University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Pharmaceutics 2018, 10(2), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics10020046
Submission received: 28 February 2018 / Revised: 29 March 2018 / Accepted: 6 April 2018 / Published: 10 April 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chitosan Biomedical Applications: Opportunities and Challenges)
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Abstract

Acyclovir is not a good candidate for passive permeation since its polarity and solubility limit is partitioning into the stratum corneum. This work aims to develop a new topical formulation for the acyclovir delivery. New chitosan nanospheres (NS) were prepared by a modified nano-emulsion template method. Chitosan NS were characterized by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and an in vitro release study. The in vitro skin permeation experiment was carried out using Franz cells and was equipped with porcine skin. Biological studies were performed on the Vero cell line infected by HSV-1 and HSV-2 strains. The acyclovir loaded chitosan NS appeared with a spherical shape, a size of about 200 nm, and a negative zeta potential of about 40.0 mV. The loading capacity of the drug was about 8.5%. In vitro release demonstrated that the percentage of acyclovir delivered from the nanospheres was approximately 30% after six hours. The in vitro skin permeation studies confirmed an improved amount of permeated acyclovir. The acyclovir-NS complex displayed a higher antiviral activity than that of free acyclovir against both the HSV-1 and the HSV-2 strain. The acyclovir-loaded NS showed no anti-proliferative activity and no signs of cytotoxicity induced by NS was detected. Confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed that the NS are taken up by the cells.
Keywords: acyclovir; chitosan nanospheres; antiviral activity; topical infections acyclovir; chitosan nanospheres; antiviral activity; topical infections
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MDPI and ACS Style

Donalisio, M.; Leone, F.; Civra, A.; Spagnolo, R.; Ozer, O.; Lembo, D.; Cavalli, R. Acyclovir-Loaded Chitosan Nanospheres from Nano-Emulsion Templating for the Topical Treatment of Herpesviruses Infections. Pharmaceutics 2018, 10, 46. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics10020046

AMA Style

Donalisio M, Leone F, Civra A, Spagnolo R, Ozer O, Lembo D, Cavalli R. Acyclovir-Loaded Chitosan Nanospheres from Nano-Emulsion Templating for the Topical Treatment of Herpesviruses Infections. Pharmaceutics. 2018; 10(2):46. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics10020046

Chicago/Turabian Style

Donalisio, Manuela, Federica Leone, Andrea Civra, Rita Spagnolo, Ozgen Ozer, David Lembo, and Roberta Cavalli. 2018. "Acyclovir-Loaded Chitosan Nanospheres from Nano-Emulsion Templating for the Topical Treatment of Herpesviruses Infections" Pharmaceutics 10, no. 2: 46. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics10020046

APA Style

Donalisio, M., Leone, F., Civra, A., Spagnolo, R., Ozer, O., Lembo, D., & Cavalli, R. (2018). Acyclovir-Loaded Chitosan Nanospheres from Nano-Emulsion Templating for the Topical Treatment of Herpesviruses Infections. Pharmaceutics, 10(2), 46. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics10020046

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