Classification of Cowpox Viruses into Several Distinct Clades and Identification of a Novel Lineage
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Selection and Isolation of CPXV Strains
2.2. High-Throughput Sequencing
2.3. De Novo Assembly and Genome Annotation
2.4. Accession Numbers
2.5. Phylogenetic Analysis
2.6. Geographic Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Novel CPXV Isolates
3.2. CPXV Phylogeny
3.3. CPXV Consensus Network and Bootscan Analysis
3.4. CPXV Geographic Distribution
4. Discussion
4.1. Phylogenetic Analysis
4.2. Geographic Distribution of CPXV Clades
4.2.1. CPXV Situation in Germany
4.2.2. CPXV Situation in Europe
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Strain | Sampling Place | Year | Host | Clinical Description |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ger/2007/Vole | Rottweil | 2007 | Common vole | No clinical signs |
Ger/2010/Alpaca | Oberwiesenthal | 2010 | Alpaca | Diseased |
Ger 2010 MKY | Bad Liebenstein | 2010 | Cotton-top tamarin | Fatal generalization |
Ger/2010/Cat | Nordhausen | 2010 | Cat | Fatal generalization |
Ger/2010/Raccoon | Ellrich | 2010 | Raccoon | Fatal generalization |
Ger/2010/Rat | Hannover | 2010 | Rat | Diseased |
Ger/2012/Alpaca | Rositz | 2012 | Alpaca | Fatal generalization |
Ger/2013/Alpaca | Zernitz | 2013 | Alpaca | Fatal generalization |
Ger/2014/Cat1 | Bleckede | 2014 | Cat | Fatal generalization |
Ger/2014/Cat2 | Nordhausen | 2014 | Cat | Fatal generalization |
Ger/2014/Human | Freiburg | 2014 | Human | Local lesions |
Ger/2015/Cat1 | Vogtlandkreis 1 | 2015 | Cat | Fatal generalization |
Ger/2015/Cat2 | Rostock | 2015 | Cat | Local lesions |
Ger/2015/Cat3 | Vogtlandkreis 1 | 2015 | Cat | Fatal generalization |
Ger/2015/Cat4 | Hengelbach | 2015 | Cat | Local lesions |
Ger/2015/Prairie-dog | Dresden | 2015 | Prairie dog | Local lesions |
Ger/2015/Human1 | Leipzig | 2015 | Human | Cervical local lesion |
Ger/2015/Human2 | Leipzig | 2015 | Human | Local lesion |
Ger/2017/Alpaca1 | Brand-Erbisdorf | 2017 | Alpaca | Fatal generalization |
Ger/2017/Alpaca2 | Merzdorf | 2017 | Alpaca | Fatal generalization |
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Franke, A.; Pfaff, F.; Jenckel, M.; Hoffmann, B.; Höper, D.; Antwerpen, M.; Meyer, H.; Beer, M.; Hoffmann, D. Classification of Cowpox Viruses into Several Distinct Clades and Identification of a Novel Lineage. Viruses 2017, 9, 142. https://doi.org/10.3390/v9060142
Franke A, Pfaff F, Jenckel M, Hoffmann B, Höper D, Antwerpen M, Meyer H, Beer M, Hoffmann D. Classification of Cowpox Viruses into Several Distinct Clades and Identification of a Novel Lineage. Viruses. 2017; 9(6):142. https://doi.org/10.3390/v9060142
Chicago/Turabian StyleFranke, Annika, Florian Pfaff, Maria Jenckel, Bernd Hoffmann, Dirk Höper, Markus Antwerpen, Hermann Meyer, Martin Beer, and Donata Hoffmann. 2017. "Classification of Cowpox Viruses into Several Distinct Clades and Identification of a Novel Lineage" Viruses 9, no. 6: 142. https://doi.org/10.3390/v9060142