Emergence of a Latent Indian Cassava Mosaic Virus from Cassava Which Recovered from Infection by a Non-Persistent Sri Lankan Cassava Mosaic Virus
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Viral Clones
2.2. Diagnostic Multiplex PCR Analysis for Amplification of SLCMV and ICMV
2.3. Construction of SLMV-[SeM] DNA A and DNA B Partial Dimers
2.4. Construction of SLCMV-[SeT1] DNA A and DNA B Partial Dimers
2.5. Construction of ICMV-[SeT4] DNA A and DNA B Partial Dimers
2.6. Agroinfection of Nicotiana benthamiana
2.7. Southern Blot Analysis
2.8. siRNA Analysis
2.9. Illumina Sequencing and Bioinformatic Analysis of Small RNAs
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Recovery of Cassava Plants from SLCMV Infection in the Greenhouse and Re-Emergence of Symptoms due to Latent ICMV
3.2. Infectivity of Cloned SLCMV DNA A and DNA B in Nicotiana benthamiana Plants
3.3. Infectivity of Cloned ICMV DNA A and DNA B in Nicotiana benthamiana Plants
3.4. Analysis of Trans-Replication of ICMV-[TVM4] DNA B by SLCMV-[SeM] DNA A
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Geographical Region | Cassava Cultivar | Virus | Isolate | NCBI Accession No. | Length(nt) | Identity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Malappuram | Sengutchi | SLCMV | SeM-DNA-A | KR611577 | 2756 | 98% to Kerala 17 |
96% to SeT1 | ||||||
SLCMV | SeM-DNA-B | KR611578 | 2737 | 97% to Kerala 4 | ||
98% to SeT1 | ||||||
Thiruvananthapuram | Sengutchi | SLCMV | SeT1-DNA-A | KR611579 | 2726 | 99% to Kerala 17 |
96% to SeM | ||||||
SLCMV | SeT1-DNA-B | KR611580 | 2739 | 97% to Kerala 4 | ||
98% to SeM | ||||||
Re-emergent in Basel | Sengutchi | ICMV | SeT4-DNA-A | KU308385 | 2735 | 94% to Kerala 2 |
ICMV | SeT4-DNA-B | KU308386 | 2716 | 98% to Kerala 6 |
Component A | Component B | Symptoms (at 14 days post-inoculation (dpi)) | Levels of virus DNA |
---|---|---|---|
SLCMV-[SeM] | Upward leaf rolling | Low DNA A | |
SLCMV-[SeM] | No symptoms | None | |
SLCMV-[SeM] | SLCMV-[SeM] | Stunting, chlorosis, downward leaf curling | High DNA A and DNA B |
SLCMV-[SeT1] | Upward leaf rolling | Low DNA A | |
SLCMV-[SeT1] | No symptoms | None | |
SLCMV-[SeT1] | SLCMV-[SeT1] | Stunting, chlorosis, downward leaf curling | High DNA A and DNA B |
ICMV-[SeT4] | Very mild leaf blade curling | High DNA A | |
ICMV-[SeT4] | No symptoms | None | |
ICMV-[SeT4] | ICMV-[SeT4] | Stunting and mild to moderate leaf blade curling | High DNA A and DNA B |
SLCMV-[SeM] | ICMV-[SeT4] | Mild leaf blade curling | High DNA A and low DNA B |
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Karthikeyan, C.; Patil, B.L.; Borah, B.K.; Resmi, T.R.; Turco, S.; Pooggin, M.M.; Hohn, T.; Veluthambi, K. Emergence of a Latent Indian Cassava Mosaic Virus from Cassava Which Recovered from Infection by a Non-Persistent Sri Lankan Cassava Mosaic Virus. Viruses 2016, 8, 264. https://doi.org/10.3390/v8100264
Karthikeyan C, Patil BL, Borah BK, Resmi TR, Turco S, Pooggin MM, Hohn T, Veluthambi K. Emergence of a Latent Indian Cassava Mosaic Virus from Cassava Which Recovered from Infection by a Non-Persistent Sri Lankan Cassava Mosaic Virus. Viruses. 2016; 8(10):264. https://doi.org/10.3390/v8100264
Chicago/Turabian StyleKarthikeyan, Chockalingam, Basavaprabhu L. Patil, Basanta K. Borah, Thulasi R. Resmi, Silvia Turco, Mikhail M. Pooggin, Thomas Hohn, and Karuppannan Veluthambi. 2016. "Emergence of a Latent Indian Cassava Mosaic Virus from Cassava Which Recovered from Infection by a Non-Persistent Sri Lankan Cassava Mosaic Virus" Viruses 8, no. 10: 264. https://doi.org/10.3390/v8100264