Next Article in Journal
Adenovirus Recruits Dynein by an Evolutionary Novel Mechanism Involving Direct Binding to pH-Primed Hexon
Next Article in Special Issue
Cell Surface Markers in HTLV-1 Pathogenesis
Previous Article in Journal / Special Issue
HTLV-1 and Innate Immunity
 
 
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
Review

Converging Strategies in Expression of Human Complex Retroviruses

1
Department of Oncology and Surgical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Gattamelata 64, I-35128 Padova, Italy
2
Istituto Oncologico Veneto-IRCCS, I-35128 Padova, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
These authors contributed equally.
Viruses 2011, 3(8), 1395-1414; https://doi.org/10.3390/v3081395
Received: 5 July 2011 / Revised: 28 July 2011 / Accepted: 28 July 2011 / Published: 11 August 2011
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Developments in HTLV Research)

Abstract

The discovery of human retroviruses in the early 1980s revealed the existence of viral-encoded non-structural genes that were not evident in previously described animal retroviruses. Based on the absence or presence of these additional genes retroviruses were classified as ‘simple’ and ‘complex’, respectively. Expression of most of these extra genes is achieved through the generation of alternatively spliced mRNAs. The present review summarizes the genetic organization and expression strategies of human complex retroviruses and highlights the converging mechanisms controlling their life cycles.
Keywords: HTLV-1; Rex; leukemia HTLV-1; Rex; leukemia

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Cavallari, I.; Rende, F.; D'Agostino, D.M.; Ciminale, V. Converging Strategies in Expression of Human Complex Retroviruses. Viruses 2011, 3, 1395-1414. https://doi.org/10.3390/v3081395

AMA Style

Cavallari I, Rende F, D'Agostino DM, Ciminale V. Converging Strategies in Expression of Human Complex Retroviruses. Viruses. 2011; 3(8):1395-1414. https://doi.org/10.3390/v3081395

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cavallari, Ilaria, Francesca Rende, Donna M. D'Agostino, and Vincenzo Ciminale. 2011. "Converging Strategies in Expression of Human Complex Retroviruses" Viruses 3, no. 8: 1395-1414. https://doi.org/10.3390/v3081395

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop