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Review

HTLV-1 and Innate Immunity

1
Retroviral Oncogenesis Laboratory, INSERM-U758 Human Virology, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France
2
Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France
3
IFR 128 Biosciences Lyon-Gerland, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Viruses 2011, 3(8), 1374-1394; https://doi.org/10.3390/v3081374
Original submission received: 23 June 2011 / Revised: 20 July 2011 / Accepted: 1 August 2011 / Published: 8 August 2011
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Developments in HTLV Research)

Abstract

Innate immunity plays a critical role in the host response to a viral infection. The innate response has two main functions. First, it triggers effector mechanisms that restrict the infection. Second, it primes development of the adaptive response, which completes the elimination of the pathogen or of infected cells. In vivo, HTLV-1 infects T lymphocytes that participate in adaptive immunity but also monocytes and dendritic cells that are major players in innate immunity. Herein, we will review the interplay between HTLV-1 and innate immunity. Particular emphasis is put on HTLV-1-induced alteration of type-I interferon (IFN-I) function. In vitro, the viral Tax protein plays a significant role in the alteration of IFN synthesis and signaling. Despite this, IFN-I/AZT treatment of Adult T‑cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL) patients leads to complete remission. We will discuss a model in which exogenous IFN-I could act both on the microenvironment of the T-cells to protect them from infection, and also on infected cells when combined with other drugs that lead to Tax down-regulation/degradation.
Keywords: HTLV-1; innate immunity; interferon; monocytes; dendritic cells; natural killer cells HTLV-1; innate immunity; interferon; monocytes; dendritic cells; natural killer cells

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MDPI and ACS Style

Journo, C.; Mahieux, R. HTLV-1 and Innate Immunity. Viruses 2011, 3, 1374-1394. https://doi.org/10.3390/v3081374

AMA Style

Journo C, Mahieux R. HTLV-1 and Innate Immunity. Viruses. 2011; 3(8):1374-1394. https://doi.org/10.3390/v3081374

Chicago/Turabian Style

Journo, Chloé, and Renaud Mahieux. 2011. "HTLV-1 and Innate Immunity" Viruses 3, no. 8: 1374-1394. https://doi.org/10.3390/v3081374

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