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Volume 18
Issue 9
10.3390/v18090973
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Economic Burden of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Disease on Families in the United States

by
Philip O. Buck
1,
Carolyn Sweeney
2,
Mihaela Georgieva
1,
Colin Kunzweiler
1,*,
Harout Tossonian
1,
Kimberly Boyle
2,
Costel Chirila
2,
Rebecca Crawford
3,
Sorrel Wolowacz
3 and
Megan H. Pesch
4
1
ModernaTx, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
2
RTI Health Solutions, Durham, NC 27713, USA
3
RTI Health Solutions, Manchester M20 2LS, UK
4
Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Viruses 2026, 18(9), 973; https://doi.org/10.3390/v18090973
Submission received: 16 July 2026 / Revised: 26 August 2026 / Accepted: 29 August 2026 / Published: 3 September 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection, 3rd Edition)
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the economic family spillover effects of childhood congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) in the US. Methods: This cross-sectional, Web-based study collected economic and health-state utility data between August 2024 and April 2025 using three surveys targeting caregivers of children with cCMV, children with cCMV, and their siblings. Results: Respondents included 227 caregivers, 211 children with cCMV, and 173 siblings. A high economic burden on families of children with cCMV was reported, including total mean annual costs (out-of-pocket medical and personal care expenses and work- or productivity-related costs) of $83,140 and lifetime out-of-pocket home adaptation/specialized schooling costs of $4713. The mean caregiver EQ-5D-5L utility score was 0.86, which is comparable to US general-population norms. Mean Health Utilities Indexes Mark 2 and 3 scores varied within the ranges of 0.38–0.83 and 0.03–0.73, respectively, among children with cCMV. Adult siblings reported a mean EQ-5D-5L utility of 0.90. Siblings aged 4–7 and 8–17 years reported mean EQ-5D-Y-3L utilities of 0.90 and 0.92, respectively. Conclusions: This is the first study to report the family spillover effects of caring for children with cCMV in the US. The results confirm a considerable, multifaceted burden experienced by children with cCMV and their families, spanning health-state utility and economic strains.
Keywords: congenital cytomegalovirus; family spillover effects; economic burden; health-state utilities; survey congenital cytomegalovirus; family spillover effects; economic burden; health-state utilities; survey

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MDPI and ACS Style

Buck, P.O.; Sweeney, C.; Georgieva, M.; Kunzweiler, C.; Tossonian, H.; Boyle, K.; Chirila, C.; Crawford, R.; Wolowacz, S.; Pesch, M.H. Economic Burden of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Disease on Families in the United States. Viruses 2026, 18, 973. https://doi.org/10.3390/v18090973

AMA Style

Buck PO, Sweeney C, Georgieva M, Kunzweiler C, Tossonian H, Boyle K, Chirila C, Crawford R, Wolowacz S, Pesch MH. Economic Burden of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Disease on Families in the United States. Viruses. 2026; 18(9):973. https://doi.org/10.3390/v18090973

Chicago/Turabian Style

Buck, Philip O., Carolyn Sweeney, Mihaela Georgieva, Colin Kunzweiler, Harout Tossonian, Kimberly Boyle, Costel Chirila, Rebecca Crawford, Sorrel Wolowacz, and Megan H. Pesch. 2026. "Economic Burden of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Disease on Families in the United States" Viruses 18, no. 9: 973. https://doi.org/10.3390/v18090973

APA Style

Buck, P. O., Sweeney, C., Georgieva, M., Kunzweiler, C., Tossonian, H., Boyle, K., Chirila, C., Crawford, R., Wolowacz, S., & Pesch, M. H. (2026). Economic Burden of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Disease on Families in the United States. Viruses, 18(9), 973. https://doi.org/10.3390/v18090973

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