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Volume 18
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10.3390/v18060686
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Article

Analysis of Epidemiological and Molecular Characteristics of Bocavirus in Guangzhou

by
Yifan Pan
1,2,
Pingting Zhu
2,
Yiyun Chen
2,
Jingjing Zhang
2,
Yanhui Liu
2,
Shuiping Hou
2,
Anna Wang
2,
Xinwei Wu
2,
Pengzhe Qin
2,† and
Lan Cao
1,2,3,*,†
1
School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
2
Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Guangzhou Health Supervision Institute), Guangzhou 510440, China
3
School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Viruses 2026, 18(6), 686; https://doi.org/10.3390/v18060686 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 29 May 2026 / Revised: 18 June 2026 / Accepted: 18 June 2026 / Published: 20 June 2026
(This article belongs to the Section Human Virology and Viral Diseases)
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

Objective: We aimed to elucidate the epidemiological characteristics and co-infection status of HBoV in Guangzhou and to investigate the potential recombination events and alterations in antigenic properties among circulating HBoV strains. Methods: Utilizing respiratory specimens collected from patients at sentinel surveillance hospitals in Guangzhou between August 2023 and December 2025, multiplex pathogen detection was performed. We describe the temporal and demographic distribution of HBoV in Guangzhou and determine its co-infection patterns. Subsequent sequence analysis focused on identifying potential recombination events and characterizing antigenic properties. Results: The epidemiological features of HBoV in Guangzhou exhibited a primary epidemic peak around the autumn season, followed closely by a secondary peak. HBoV infection was predominantly observed in children under three years of age. Co-infections with rhinovirus and parainfluenza virus were common. Whole-genome sequencing yielded 15 complete HBoV genome sequences. Recombination analysis and verification suggested potential recombination events in two of these sequences. A comparative analysis of the antigenic characteristics of one identified recombinant strain, GZ-2024-20891, against its putative parental strains and domestic prevalent strains revealed potential alterations in its antigenic characteristic. Conclusions: Bocavirus is highly prevalent among young children under 3 years of age, with a secondary peak following the main epidemic peaks around autumn in Guangzhou. Genetic recombination and potential antigenic alteration were detected in bocavirus.
Keywords: human bocavirus; epidemiology; whole-genome sequencing; genetic recombination; antigenic variation human bocavirus; epidemiology; whole-genome sequencing; genetic recombination; antigenic variation

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Pan, Y.; Zhu, P.; Chen, Y.; Zhang, J.; Liu, Y.; Hou, S.; Wang, A.; Wu, X.; Qin, P.; Cao, L. Analysis of Epidemiological and Molecular Characteristics of Bocavirus in Guangzhou. Viruses 2026, 18, 686. https://doi.org/10.3390/v18060686

AMA Style

Pan Y, Zhu P, Chen Y, Zhang J, Liu Y, Hou S, Wang A, Wu X, Qin P, Cao L. Analysis of Epidemiological and Molecular Characteristics of Bocavirus in Guangzhou. Viruses. 2026; 18(6):686. https://doi.org/10.3390/v18060686

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pan, Yifan, Pingting Zhu, Yiyun Chen, Jingjing Zhang, Yanhui Liu, Shuiping Hou, Anna Wang, Xinwei Wu, Pengzhe Qin, and Lan Cao. 2026. "Analysis of Epidemiological and Molecular Characteristics of Bocavirus in Guangzhou" Viruses 18, no. 6: 686. https://doi.org/10.3390/v18060686

APA Style

Pan, Y., Zhu, P., Chen, Y., Zhang, J., Liu, Y., Hou, S., Wang, A., Wu, X., Qin, P., & Cao, L. (2026). Analysis of Epidemiological and Molecular Characteristics of Bocavirus in Guangzhou. Viruses, 18(6), 686. https://doi.org/10.3390/v18060686

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