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Volume 17
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10.3390/v17081034
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Intra-Host Evolution During Relapsing Parvovirus B19 Infection in Immunocompromised Patients

by
Anne Russcher
1,
Yassene Mohammed
2,
Margriet E. M. Kraakman
1,
Xavier Chow
2,
Stijn T. Kok
2,
Eric C. J. Claas
1,
Manfred Wuhrer
2,
Ann C. T. M. Vossen
1,
Aloys C. M. Kroes
1 and
Jutte J. C. de Vries
1,*
1
Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases (LUCID), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
2
Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Viruses 2025, 17(8), 1034; https://doi.org/10.3390/v17081034
Submission received: 16 June 2025 / Revised: 15 July 2025 / Accepted: 18 July 2025 / Published: 23 July 2025
(This article belongs to the Collection Parvoviridae)
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

Background: Parvovirus B19 (B19V) can cause severe relapsing episodes of pure red cell aplasia in immunocompromised individuals, which are commonly treated with intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIGs). Few data are available on B19V intra-host evolution and the role of humoral immune selection. Here, we report the dynamics of genomic mutations and subsequent protein changes during relapsing infection. Methods: Longitudinal plasma samples from immunocompromised patients with relapsing B19V infection in the period 2011–2019 were analyzed using whole-genome sequencing to evaluate intra-host evolution. The impact of mutations on the 3D viral protein structure was predicted by deep neural network modeling. Results: Of the three immunocompromised patients with relapsing infections for 3 to 9 months, one patient developed two consecutive nonsynonymous mutations in the VP1/2 region: T372S/T145S and Q422L/Q195L. The first mutation was detected in multiple B19V IgG-seropositive follow-up samples and resolved after IgG seroreversion. Computational prediction of the VP1 3D structure of this mutant showed a conformational change in the proximity of the antibody binding domain. No conformational changes were predicted for the other mutations detected. Discussion: Analysis of relapsing B19V infections showed mutational changes occurring over time. Resulting amino acid changes were predicted to lead to a conformational capsid protein change in an IgG-seropositive patient. The impact of humoral response and IVIG treatment on B19V infections should be further investigated to understand viral evolution and potential immune escape.
Keywords: parvovirus B19; transplantation; humoral immune selection; whole-genome sequencing; protein modeling parvovirus B19; transplantation; humoral immune selection; whole-genome sequencing; protein modeling

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MDPI and ACS Style

Russcher, A.; Mohammed, Y.; Kraakman, M.E.M.; Chow, X.; Kok, S.T.; Claas, E.C.J.; Wuhrer, M.; Vossen, A.C.T.M.; Kroes, A.C.M.; de Vries, J.J.C. Intra-Host Evolution During Relapsing Parvovirus B19 Infection in Immunocompromised Patients. Viruses 2025, 17, 1034. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17081034

AMA Style

Russcher A, Mohammed Y, Kraakman MEM, Chow X, Kok ST, Claas ECJ, Wuhrer M, Vossen ACTM, Kroes ACM, de Vries JJC. Intra-Host Evolution During Relapsing Parvovirus B19 Infection in Immunocompromised Patients. Viruses. 2025; 17(8):1034. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17081034

Chicago/Turabian Style

Russcher, Anne, Yassene Mohammed, Margriet E. M. Kraakman, Xavier Chow, Stijn T. Kok, Eric C. J. Claas, Manfred Wuhrer, Ann C. T. M. Vossen, Aloys C. M. Kroes, and Jutte J. C. de Vries. 2025. "Intra-Host Evolution During Relapsing Parvovirus B19 Infection in Immunocompromised Patients" Viruses 17, no. 8: 1034. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17081034

APA Style

Russcher, A., Mohammed, Y., Kraakman, M. E. M., Chow, X., Kok, S. T., Claas, E. C. J., Wuhrer, M., Vossen, A. C. T. M., Kroes, A. C. M., & de Vries, J. J. C. (2025). Intra-Host Evolution During Relapsing Parvovirus B19 Infection in Immunocompromised Patients. Viruses, 17(8), 1034. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17081034

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