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Volume 16
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Article

Novel Pestiviruses Detected in Cattle Interfere with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Diagnostics

by
Judith Köster
1,*,
Karla Schneider
1,
Dirk Höper
2,
Andreas Salditt
1,
Martin Beer
2,
Thomas Miller
1 and
Kerstin Wernike
2
1
Aulendorf State Veterinary Diagnostic Centre, Löwenbreitestraße 18/20, 88326 Aulendorf, Germany
2
Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Viruses 2024, 16(8), 1301; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16081301
Submission received: 23 July 2024 / Revised: 14 August 2024 / Accepted: 15 August 2024 / Published: 15 August 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Endemic and Emerging Viral Diseases in Livestock)
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Abstract

Since the start of the mandatory nationwide bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) eradication program in Germany in 2011, the number of persistently infected (PI) animals has decreased considerably, resulting in a continuous decrease in seroprevalence. The increasingly BVD-naive cattle population could facilitate spillover infections with non-BVDV ruminant pestiviruses. Here, we report two cases in which novel pestiviruses were isolated from cattle; in both cases, the whole genome sequence showed the highest level of identity to strain “Pestivirus reindeer-1”. Both novel viruses gave positive results in BVDV diagnostic test systems, confirming that cross-reactivity is an important issue in pestivirus diagnostics. In the first case, the pestivirus was probably transmitted from sheep kept with the affected cattle, suggesting that the co-housing of small ruminants and cattle is a risk factor. The source of infection could not be determined in the second case. The occurrence of these two cases in independent cattle holdings within a relatively short time frame suggests that it would be useful to determine the presence of pestiviruses in small ruminants or even wild ruminants to better assess risk factors, especially for BVDV-free populations.
Keywords: pestivirus; ruminants; cattle; diagnostics; control; epidemiology; sequence analysis pestivirus; ruminants; cattle; diagnostics; control; epidemiology; sequence analysis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Köster, J.; Schneider, K.; Höper, D.; Salditt, A.; Beer, M.; Miller, T.; Wernike, K. Novel Pestiviruses Detected in Cattle Interfere with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Diagnostics. Viruses 2024, 16, 1301. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16081301

AMA Style

Köster J, Schneider K, Höper D, Salditt A, Beer M, Miller T, Wernike K. Novel Pestiviruses Detected in Cattle Interfere with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Diagnostics. Viruses. 2024; 16(8):1301. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16081301

Chicago/Turabian Style

Köster, Judith, Karla Schneider, Dirk Höper, Andreas Salditt, Martin Beer, Thomas Miller, and Kerstin Wernike. 2024. "Novel Pestiviruses Detected in Cattle Interfere with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Diagnostics" Viruses 16, no. 8: 1301. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16081301

APA Style

Köster, J., Schneider, K., Höper, D., Salditt, A., Beer, M., Miller, T., & Wernike, K. (2024). Novel Pestiviruses Detected in Cattle Interfere with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Diagnostics. Viruses, 16(8), 1301. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16081301

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