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Viruses
Volume 16
Issue 7
10.3390/v16071063
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Brief Report

Flagellin Restricts HIV-1 Infection of Macrophages through Modulation of Viral Entry Receptors and CC Chemokines

by
Lina Zhou
,
Xu Wang
,
Qianhao Xiao
,
Shazheb Khan
and
Wen-Zhe Ho
*
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Viruses 2024, 16(7), 1063; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16071063
Submission received: 21 May 2024 / Revised: 18 June 2024 / Accepted: 27 June 2024 / Published: 30 June 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Roles of Macrophages in Viral Infections)
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Abstract

Both bacteria product flagellin and macrophages are implicated in HIV-1 infection/disease progression. However, the impact of their interaction on HIV-1 infection and the associated mechanisms remain to be determined. We thus examined the effect of the flagellins on HIV-1 infection of primary human macrophages. We observed that the pretreatment of macrophages with the flagellins from the different bacteria significantly inhibited HIV-1 infection. The mechanistic investigation showed that the flagellin treatment of macrophages downregulated the major HIV-1 entry receptors (CD4 and CCR5) and upregulated the CC chemokines (MIP-1α, MIP-1β and RANTES), the ligands of CCR5. These effects of the flagellin could be compromised by a toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) antagonist. Given the important role of flagellin as a vaccine adjuvant in TLR5 activation-mediated immune regulation and in HIV-1 infection of macrophages, future investigations are necessary to determine the in vivo impact of flagellin–TLR5 interaction on macrophage-mediated innate immunity against HIV-1 infection and the effectiveness of flagellin adjuvant-based vaccines studies.
Keywords: flagellin; TLR-5; macrophage; HIV-1; CC chemokine flagellin; TLR-5; macrophage; HIV-1; CC chemokine

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhou, L.; Wang, X.; Xiao, Q.; Khan, S.; Ho, W.-Z. Flagellin Restricts HIV-1 Infection of Macrophages through Modulation of Viral Entry Receptors and CC Chemokines. Viruses 2024, 16, 1063. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16071063

AMA Style

Zhou L, Wang X, Xiao Q, Khan S, Ho W-Z. Flagellin Restricts HIV-1 Infection of Macrophages through Modulation of Viral Entry Receptors and CC Chemokines. Viruses. 2024; 16(7):1063. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16071063

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhou, Lina, Xu Wang, Qianhao Xiao, Shazheb Khan, and Wen-Zhe Ho. 2024. "Flagellin Restricts HIV-1 Infection of Macrophages through Modulation of Viral Entry Receptors and CC Chemokines" Viruses 16, no. 7: 1063. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16071063

APA Style

Zhou, L., Wang, X., Xiao, Q., Khan, S., & Ho, W.-Z. (2024). Flagellin Restricts HIV-1 Infection of Macrophages through Modulation of Viral Entry Receptors and CC Chemokines. Viruses, 16(7), 1063. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16071063

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