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Viruses
Volume 13
Issue 9
10.3390/v13091781
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Article

Identification of a BTV-Strain-Specific Single Gene That Increases Culicoides Vector Infection Rate

by
Honorata M. Ropiak
,
Simon King
,
Marc Guimerà Busquets
,
Kerry Newbrook
,
Gillian D. Pullinger
,
Hannah Brown
,
John Flannery
,
Simon Gubbins
,
Carrie Batten
,
Paulina Rajko-Nenow
*,† and
Karin E. Darpel
†
The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Viruses 2021, 13(9), 1781; https://doi.org/10.3390/v13091781
Submission received: 10 August 2021 / Revised: 27 August 2021 / Accepted: 2 September 2021 / Published: 7 September 2021
(This article belongs to the Section Animal Viruses)
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Abstract

Since the 2000s, the distribution of bluetongue virus (BTV) has changed, leading to numerous epidemics and economic losses in Europe. Previously, we found a BTV-4 field strain with a higher infection rate of a Culicoides vector than a BTV-1 field strain has. We reverse-engineered parental BTV-1 and BTV-4 strains and created BTV-1/BTV-4 reassortants to elucidate the influence of individual BTV segments on BTV replication in both C. sonorensis midges and in KC cells. Substitution of segment 2 (Seg-2) with Seg-2 from the rBTV-4 significantly increased vector infection rate in reassortant BTV-14S2 (30.4%) in comparison to reverse-engineered rBTV-1 (1.0%). Replacement of Seg-2, Seg-6 and Seg-7 with those from rBTV-1 in reassortant BTV-41S2S6S7 (2.9%) decreased vector infection rate in comparison to rBTV-4 (30.2%). However, triple-reassorted BTV-14S2S6S7 only replicated to comparatively low levels (3.0%), despite containing Seg-2, Seg-6 and Seg-7 from rBTV-4, indicating that vector infection rate is influenced by interactions of multiple segments and/or host-mediated amino acid substitutions within segments. Overall, these results demonstrated that we could utilize reverse-engineered viruses to identify the genetic basis influencing BTV replication within Culicoides vectors. However, BTV replication dynamics in KC cells were not suitable for predicting the replication ability of these virus strains in Culicoides midges.
Keywords: bluetongue virus; BTV-1; BTV-4; Culicoides sonorensis; midge; reassortment; vector infection rate; reverse genetics; KC cells bluetongue virus; BTV-1; BTV-4; Culicoides sonorensis; midge; reassortment; vector infection rate; reverse genetics; KC cells

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ropiak, H.M.; King, S.; Busquets, M.G.; Newbrook, K.; Pullinger, G.D.; Brown, H.; Flannery, J.; Gubbins, S.; Batten, C.; Rajko-Nenow, P.; et al. Identification of a BTV-Strain-Specific Single Gene That Increases Culicoides Vector Infection Rate. Viruses 2021, 13, 1781. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13091781

AMA Style

Ropiak HM, King S, Busquets MG, Newbrook K, Pullinger GD, Brown H, Flannery J, Gubbins S, Batten C, Rajko-Nenow P, et al. Identification of a BTV-Strain-Specific Single Gene That Increases Culicoides Vector Infection Rate. Viruses. 2021; 13(9):1781. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13091781

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ropiak, Honorata M., Simon King, Marc Guimerà Busquets, Kerry Newbrook, Gillian D. Pullinger, Hannah Brown, John Flannery, Simon Gubbins, Carrie Batten, Paulina Rajko-Nenow, and et al. 2021. "Identification of a BTV-Strain-Specific Single Gene That Increases Culicoides Vector Infection Rate" Viruses 13, no. 9: 1781. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13091781

APA Style

Ropiak, H. M., King, S., Busquets, M. G., Newbrook, K., Pullinger, G. D., Brown, H., Flannery, J., Gubbins, S., Batten, C., Rajko-Nenow, P., & Darpel, K. E. (2021). Identification of a BTV-Strain-Specific Single Gene That Increases Culicoides Vector Infection Rate. Viruses, 13(9), 1781. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13091781

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