Target Product Profile Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccines in Phase III Clinical Trials and Beyond: An Early 2021 Perspective
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Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
2
Scientific Research Division, Novateur Ventures Inc., Vancouver, BC V6E 3P3, Canada
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Kenneth Lundstrom
Viruses 2021, 13(3), 418; https://doi.org/10.3390/v13030418
Received: 11 February 2021
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Revised: 27 February 2021
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Accepted: 3 March 2021
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Published: 5 March 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccines and Therapeutics against Coronaviruses)
The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which causes Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has infected more than 100 million people globally and caused over 2.5 million deaths in just over one year since its discovery in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The pandemic has evoked widespread collateral damage to societies and economies, and has destabilized mental health and well-being. Early in 2020, unprecedented efforts went into the development of vaccines that generate effective antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Teams developing twelve candidate vaccines, based on four platforms (messenger RNA, non-replicating viral vector, protein/virus-like particle, and inactivated virus) had initiated or announced the Phase III clinical trial stage by early November 2020, with several having received emergency use authorization in less than a year. Vaccine rollout has proceeded around the globe. Previously, we and others had proposed a target product profile (TPP) for ideal/optimal and acceptable/minimal COVID-19 vaccines. How well do these candidate vaccines stack up to a harmonized TPP? Here, we perform a comparative analysis in several categories of these candidate vaccines based on the latest available trial data and highlight the early successes as well as the hurdles and barriers yet to be overcome for ending the global COVID-19 pandemic.
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Keywords:
COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; vaccine; target product profile; immune response; coronavirus; clinical trial; public health
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MDPI and ACS Style
Funk, C.D.; Laferrière, C.; Ardakani, A. Target Product Profile Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccines in Phase III Clinical Trials and Beyond: An Early 2021 Perspective. Viruses 2021, 13, 418. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13030418
AMA Style
Funk CD, Laferrière C, Ardakani A. Target Product Profile Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccines in Phase III Clinical Trials and Beyond: An Early 2021 Perspective. Viruses. 2021; 13(3):418. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13030418
Chicago/Turabian StyleFunk, Colin D., Craig Laferrière, and Ali Ardakani. 2021. "Target Product Profile Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccines in Phase III Clinical Trials and Beyond: An Early 2021 Perspective" Viruses 13, no. 3: 418. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13030418
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