A Canine Distemper Virus Retrospective Study Conducted from 2011 to 2019 in Central Italy (Latium and Tuscany Regions)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals Examined
2.2. Sample Collection and Stastistical Analysis of the Results
2.3. RNA Extraction
2.4. Reverse Transcription and cDNA Synthesis
2.5. Real Time PCR for Field CDV Strain Diagnosis
2.6. Real Time PCR for Vaccine CDV Strains Diagnosis
2.7. PCR for the CDV Strains Characterization
2.8. Sequencing for CDV Strain Characterization
2.9. Histological and Immunohistochemical Exams
3. Results
3.1. Animals Examined
3.2. Diagnostic Test Results
3.2.1. Histological and Immunohistochemical Results
3.2.2. Genetic Analysis of the NP Gene
- (1)
- (2)
- (3)
- A third with 100% identity and query cover with the Canine Morbillivirus strain isolated BJ16C9, Accession Number MF926604.1, that is part of the cluster of America-1 CDV strains closely related to the Onderstepoort vaccine strain [15,20]; the former was isolated only in the lung and rectal swab of a dog in the province of Rome.
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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SPECIES | N° Subjects | %/Total | N° PCR Positive | % Positivity |
---|---|---|---|---|
Badger (Meles meles) | 18 | 5.94 | 0 | 0 |
Beech marten (Martes foina) | 1 | 0.33 | 0 | 0 |
Dog (Canis lupus familiaris) | 109 | 35.97 | 12 | 44.44 |
Ferret (Mustela putorius furo) | 4 | 1.32 | 0 | 0 |
Fox (Vulpes vulpes) | 111 | 36.63 | 12 | 44.44 |
Marmot (Marmota marmota) | 1 | 0.33 | 0 | 0 |
Marten (Martes martes) | 3 | 0.99 | 0 | 0 |
Mongoose (Herpestidae) * | 1 | 0.33 | 0 | 0 |
Crested porcupine (Hystrix cristata) | 2 | 0.67 | 0 | 0 |
Raccoon (Procyon lotor) | 6 | 1.98 | 0 | 0 |
Squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) | 1 | 0.33 | 0 | 0 |
Wolf (Canis lupus) | 46 | 15.18 | 3 | 11.12 |
Total n° | 303 | 100 | 27 | 100 |
Province | 2017–2019 (Research Project) | 2011–2018 (Retrospective Study) | Total | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dog | Fox | Wolf | Dog | Fox | Wolf | ||
Arezzo | 4 | 1 | 5 | ||||
Frosinone | 2 | 2 | |||||
Pistoia | 1 | 1 | |||||
Rieti | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | ||
Rome | 1 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 12 | ||
Siena | 2 | 2 | |||||
Viterbo | 1 | 1 | |||||
Total | 2 | 8 | 2 | 10 | 4 | 1 | 27 |
Intracardiac Clot | Brain | Lung | Conjunctival Swab | Nasal Swab | Rectal Swab | Bladder Swab/Urine | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
neg | neg | neg | 35 | 35 | 36 | 35 | |
n.r. * | 37 | neg | neg | 36 | 36 | n.r. * | |
neg | neg | 38 | neg | 38 | neg | n.r. * | |
n.r. * | 28 | 25 | 20 | 20 | 19 | 16 | |
n.r. * | neg | 37 | 36 | 38 | 35 | 36 | |
n.r. * | neg | neg | 34 | neg | 35 | n.r. * | |
26 | 24 | 19 | 17 | 16 | 17 | 16 | |
neg | 35 | neg | 38 | neg | neg | neg | |
neg | neg | neg | 34 | 38 | 38 | neg | |
n.r. * | neg | 37 | neg | neg | 27 | neg | |
n.r. * | 27 | 34 | 31 | 27 | 34 | 34 | |
N° sample | 5 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 8 |
N° positive | 1 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 5 |
% positive | 20.00 | 45.45 | 54.55 | 72.73 | 72.73 | 81.82 | 62.50 |
SAMPLE | Bladder Swab/Urine | Brain | Conjunctival Swab | Intracardiac Clot | Lung | Nasal Swab | Rectal Swab |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rectal swab | 0.57 | 0.18 | 1 | 0.52 | 0.36 | 1 | |
Nasal swab | 1 | 0.39 | 1 | 0.21 | 0.66 | ||
Lung | 1 | 1 | 0.66 | 1 | |||
Intracardiac clot | 1 | 1 | 0.21 | ||||
Conjunctival swab | 0.57 | 0.39 | |||||
Brain | 1 | ||||||
Bladder swab/Urine |
Year | Province | Species | N° Subject | Sequence * | Lineage |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2013 | Rome | Dog | 1 | Canine distemper virus isolate CDV12254/2015. Query cover 98%. Identity 98%. GenBank: KX024709.1 | Arctic |
2014 | Rome | Dog | 2 | ||
Pistoia | 1 | ||||
2015 | Siena | Dog | 1 | ||
2016 | 1 | ||||
2017 | Rieti | Fox | 1 | Canine distemper virus isolate CDV599/2016, partial genome. Query cover 100%. Identity 100%. GenBank: KX545421.1 | Europe wildlife |
2018 | Arezzo | Wolf | 1 | ||
Rome | Fox | 1 | |||
Rome | 1 | ||||
2019 | Rome | Dog | 1 | Canine morbillivirus isolate BJ16C9, complete genome. Query cover 100%. Identity 100%. GenBank: MF926604.1 | America-1 |
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Ricci, I.; Cersini, A.; Manna, G.; Marcario, G.A.; Conti, R.; Brocherel, G.; Grifoni, G.; Eleni, C.; Scicluna, M.T. A Canine Distemper Virus Retrospective Study Conducted from 2011 to 2019 in Central Italy (Latium and Tuscany Regions). Viruses 2021, 13, 272. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13020272
Ricci I, Cersini A, Manna G, Marcario GA, Conti R, Brocherel G, Grifoni G, Eleni C, Scicluna MT. A Canine Distemper Virus Retrospective Study Conducted from 2011 to 2019 in Central Italy (Latium and Tuscany Regions). Viruses. 2021; 13(2):272. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13020272
Chicago/Turabian StyleRicci, Ida, Antonella Cersini, Giuseppe Manna, Gaetana Anita Marcario, Raffaella Conti, Giuseppina Brocherel, Goffredo Grifoni, Claudia Eleni, and Maria Teresa Scicluna. 2021. "A Canine Distemper Virus Retrospective Study Conducted from 2011 to 2019 in Central Italy (Latium and Tuscany Regions)" Viruses 13, no. 2: 272. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13020272
APA StyleRicci, I., Cersini, A., Manna, G., Marcario, G. A., Conti, R., Brocherel, G., Grifoni, G., Eleni, C., & Scicluna, M. T. (2021). A Canine Distemper Virus Retrospective Study Conducted from 2011 to 2019 in Central Italy (Latium and Tuscany Regions). Viruses, 13(2), 272. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13020272