Identification of Cacao Mild Mosaic Virus (CaMMV) and Cacao Yellow Vein-Banding Virus (CYVBV) in Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) Germplasm
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. PCR Screening of Cocoa Germplasm
2.1.1. Plant Material
2.1.2. DNA Extraction
2.1.3. Primer Design
2.1.4. PCR Conditions
2.2. Development of LAMP Assay for Detection of CYVBV
2.2.1. Primer Design
2.2.2. LAMP Assay
2.3. Identification of CYVBV and CaMMV Viruses in Genomic Sequencing Datasets of Cocoa
2.4. Sequence Assembly, Alignment and Evolutionary Analysis
3. Results
3.1. PCR Detection of CaMMV and CYVBV
3.2. Sequences of Amplified Fragments and Their Phylogenetic Relationship to Other Isolates
3.3. Screening of ICQC-R Accessions
3.4. Effect of Virus Titre and Leaf Age
3.5. LAMP Assay
3.6. Identification of CaMMV and CYVBV Viruses in Genomic Sequencing Datasets of Cocoa
3.6.1. Screening of Datasets for CYVBV
3.6.2. Screening of Datasets for CaMMV
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sr Number | Name | Accession Number | Donor Genebank |
---|---|---|---|
CaMMV | |||
1 | GEBP 584/A-F [ADI] | RUQ 1643 | ICG-T |
2 | PNG 138 | RUQ 1354 | CIRAD |
3 | SCA 12 | RUQ 1689 | ICG-T |
4 | WA 40 [DR] | RUQ 1283 | CIRAD |
CYVBV | |||
1 | GU 144/C | RUQ 191 | CIRAD |
2 | GU 219/F | RUQ 768 | ICG-T |
3 | GU 265/P | RUQ 890 | ICG-T |
4 | GU 341/H | RUQ 231 | CIRAD |
5 | IMC 85 | RUQ 1666 | ICG-T |
6 | JA 10/12 [POU] | RUQ 456 | ICG-T |
7 | ICS 60 | RUQ 959 | ICG-T |
8 | ICS 95 | RUQ 1144 | CIRAD |
9 | NAP 25 | RUQ 1547 | INIAP |
10 | PA 156 [PER] | RUQ 1531 | ICG-T |
11 | TRD 45 | RUQ 1441 | ICG-T |
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Ullah, I.; Daymond, A.J.; Hadley, P.; End, M.J.; Umaharan, P.; Dunwell, J.M. Identification of Cacao Mild Mosaic Virus (CaMMV) and Cacao Yellow Vein-Banding Virus (CYVBV) in Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) Germplasm. Viruses 2021, 13, 2152. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13112152
Ullah I, Daymond AJ, Hadley P, End MJ, Umaharan P, Dunwell JM. Identification of Cacao Mild Mosaic Virus (CaMMV) and Cacao Yellow Vein-Banding Virus (CYVBV) in Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) Germplasm. Viruses. 2021; 13(11):2152. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13112152
Chicago/Turabian StyleUllah, Ihsan, Andrew J. Daymond, Paul Hadley, Michelle J. End, Pathmanathan Umaharan, and Jim M. Dunwell. 2021. "Identification of Cacao Mild Mosaic Virus (CaMMV) and Cacao Yellow Vein-Banding Virus (CYVBV) in Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) Germplasm" Viruses 13, no. 11: 2152. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13112152
APA StyleUllah, I., Daymond, A. J., Hadley, P., End, M. J., Umaharan, P., & Dunwell, J. M. (2021). Identification of Cacao Mild Mosaic Virus (CaMMV) and Cacao Yellow Vein-Banding Virus (CYVBV) in Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) Germplasm. Viruses, 13(11), 2152. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13112152