Purinergic Receptors: Elucidating the Role of these Immune Mediators in HIV-1 Fusion
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Viruses 2020, 12(3), 290; https://doi.org/10.3390/v12030290
Received: 24 January 2020
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Revised: 4 March 2020
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Accepted: 5 March 2020
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Published: 7 March 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanisms of Viral Fusion and Applications in Antivirals)
Purinergic receptors are inflammatory mediators activated by extracellular nucleotides released by dying or injured cells. Several studies have described an important role for these receptors in HIV-1 entry, particularly regarding their activity on HIV-1 viral membrane fusion. Several reports identify purinergic receptor antagonists that inhibit HIV-1 membrane fusion; these drugs are suspected to act through antagonizing Env-chemokine receptor interactions. They also appear to abrogate activity of downstream mediators that potentiate activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Here we review the literature on purinergic receptors, the drugs that inhibit their function, and the evidence implicating these receptors in HIV-1 entry.
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Keywords:
purinergic; HIV-1; fusion; inflammation
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
MDPI and ACS Style
Freeman, T.L.; Swartz, T.H. Purinergic Receptors: Elucidating the Role of these Immune Mediators in HIV-1 Fusion. Viruses 2020, 12, 290. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12030290
AMA Style
Freeman TL, Swartz TH. Purinergic Receptors: Elucidating the Role of these Immune Mediators in HIV-1 Fusion. Viruses. 2020; 12(3):290. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12030290
Chicago/Turabian StyleFreeman, Tracey L., and Talia H. Swartz. 2020. "Purinergic Receptors: Elucidating the Role of these Immune Mediators in HIV-1 Fusion" Viruses 12, no. 3: 290. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12030290
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