Multiple SARS-CoV-2 Introductions Shaped the Early Outbreak in Central Eastern Europe: Comparing Hungarian Data to a Worldwide Sequence Data-Matrix

Kemenesi, Gábor; Zeghbib, Safia; Somogyi, Balázs A; Tóth, Gábor Endre; Bányai, Krisztián; Solymosi, Norbert; Szabo, Peter M; Szabó, István; Bálint, Ádám; Urbán, Péter; Herczeg, Róbert; Gyenesei, Attila; Nagy, Ágnes; Pereszlényi, Csaba István; Babinszky, Gergely Csaba; Dudás, Gábor; Terhes, Gabriella; Zöldi, Viktor; Lovas, Róbert; Tenczer, Szabolcs; Kornya, László; Jakab, Ferenc

doi:10.3390/v12121401

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Multiple SARS-CoV-2 Introductions Shaped the Early Outbreak in Central Eastern Europe: Comparing Hungarian Data to a Worldwide Sequence Data-Matrix

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Csaba István Pereszlényi

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Gergely Csaba Babinszky

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National Laboratory of Virology, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary

Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary

Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, 1093 Budapest, Hungary

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Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, 1078 Budapest, Hungary

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Translational Discovery, Stromal Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08648, USA

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Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Safety Office, 1143 Budapest, Hungary

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Bioinformatics Research Group, Genomics and Bioinformatics Core Facility, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary

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Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland

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Medical Centre, Hungarian Defense Forces, 1114 Budapest, Hungary

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Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary

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Independent Researcher, 1301 Vantaa, Finland

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Institute for Computer Science and Control (SZTAKI), Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 1111 Budapest, Hungary

¹³

Central Hospital of Southern Pest—National Institute of Hematolgy and Infectious Diseases, 1476 Budapest, Hungary

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^†

These authors contributed equally.

Academic Editor: Luis Martinez-Sobrido

Viruses 2020, 12(12), 1401; https://doi.org/10.3390/v12121401

Received: 28 October 2020 / Revised: 2 December 2020 / Accepted: 4 December 2020 / Published: 6 December 2020

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genomic Epidemiology of Viral Infections)

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Abstract

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 is the third highly pathogenic human coronavirus in history. Since the emergence in Hubei province, China, during late 2019, the situation evolved to pandemic level. Following China, Europe was the second epicenter of the pandemic. To better comprehend the detailed founder mechanisms of the epidemic evolution in Central-Eastern Europe, particularly in Hungary, we determined the full-length SARS-CoV-2 genomes from 32 clinical samples collected from laboratory confirmed COVID-19 patients over the first month of disease in Hungary. We applied a haplotype network analysis on all available complete genomic sequences of SARS-CoV-2 from GISAID database as of 21 April 2020. We performed additional phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses to achieve the recognition of multiple and parallel introductory events into our region. Here, we present a publicly available network imaging of the worldwide haplotype relations of SARS-CoV-2 sequences and conclude the founder mechanisms of the outbreak in Central-Eastern Europe. View Full-Text

Keywords: phylodynamics; network analysis; SARS-CoV-2; human coronavirus; pandemic; outbreak

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kemenesi, G.; Zeghbib, S.; Somogyi, B.A.; Tóth, G.E.; Bányai, K.; Solymosi, N.; Szabo, P.M.; Szabó, I.; Bálint, Á.; Urbán, P.; Herczeg, R.; Gyenesei, A.; Nagy, Á.; Pereszlényi, C.I.; Babinszky, G.C.; Dudás, G.; Terhes, G.; Zöldi, V.; Lovas, R.; Tenczer, S.; Kornya, L.; Jakab, F. Multiple SARS-CoV-2 Introductions Shaped the Early Outbreak in Central Eastern Europe: Comparing Hungarian Data to a Worldwide Sequence Data-Matrix. Viruses 2020, 12, 1401. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12121401

AMA Style

Kemenesi G, Zeghbib S, Somogyi BA, Tóth GE, Bányai K, Solymosi N, Szabo PM, Szabó I, Bálint Á, Urbán P, Herczeg R, Gyenesei A, Nagy Á, Pereszlényi CI, Babinszky GC, Dudás G, Terhes G, Zöldi V, Lovas R, Tenczer S, Kornya L, Jakab F. Multiple SARS-CoV-2 Introductions Shaped the Early Outbreak in Central Eastern Europe: Comparing Hungarian Data to a Worldwide Sequence Data-Matrix. Viruses. 2020; 12(12):1401. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12121401

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kemenesi, Gábor, Safia Zeghbib, Balázs A. Somogyi, Gábor E. Tóth, Krisztián Bányai, Norbert Solymosi, Peter M. Szabo, István Szabó, Ádám Bálint, Péter Urbán, Róbert Herczeg, Attila Gyenesei, Ágnes Nagy, Csaba I. Pereszlényi, Gergely C. Babinszky, Gábor Dudás, Gabriella Terhes, Viktor Zöldi, Róbert Lovas, Szabolcs Tenczer, László Kornya, and Ferenc Jakab. 2020. "Multiple SARS-CoV-2 Introductions Shaped the Early Outbreak in Central Eastern Europe: Comparing Hungarian Data to a Worldwide Sequence Data-Matrix" Viruses 12, no. 12: 1401. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12121401

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Multiple SARS-CoV-2 Introductions Shaped the Early Outbreak in Central Eastern Europe: Comparing Hungarian Data to a Worldwide Sequence Data-Matrix

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