Autophagy Promotes Porcine Parvovirus Replication and Induces Non-Apoptotic Cell Death in Porcine Placental Trophoblasts
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Cell Culture and Virus Preparation
2.2. Antibodies and Inhibitors
2.3. Transmission Electron Microscopy
2.4. Confocal Microscopy
2.5. siRNA Transfection
2.6. Quantitative PCR
2.7. Flow Cytometry Analysis
2.8. Caspase Activity Assay
2.9. Extraction of Cytosol
2.10. Western Blotting
2.11. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. PPV Infection Triggers the Accumulation of Autophagosomes
3.2. Autophagy Promotes PPV Replication
3.3. Autophagy Blocks the Occurrence of Cell Apoptosis in PPV-Infected Cells
3.4. PPV Can Induce Non-Apoptotic Death in PTCs Characteristic of Lysosome Damage
3.5. Autophagy Flux Increases the Ratio of Non-Apoptotic Cell Death in the Later Phase of PPV Infection
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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siRNA | Sense (5′-3′) | Antisense (5′-3′) |
---|---|---|
ATG5-1# | CCCUCUAUCAGGAUGAGAUTT | AUCUCAUCCUGAUAGAGGGTT |
ATG5-2# | GGAUGUAAUUGAAGCUCAUTT | AUGAGCUUCAAUUACAUCCTT |
ATG5-3# | CCAUCAACCGGAAACUCAUTT | AUGAGUUUCCGGUUGAUGGTT |
Non-targeting siNC | UUCUCCGAACGUGUCACGUTT | ACGUGACACGUUCGGAGAATT |
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Zhang, X.; Xiong, Y.; Zhang, J.; Shao, T.; Chen, S.; Miao, B.; Wang, Z.; Du, Q.; Huang, Y.; Tong, D. Autophagy Promotes Porcine Parvovirus Replication and Induces Non-Apoptotic Cell Death in Porcine Placental Trophoblasts. Viruses 2020, 12, 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12010015
Zhang X, Xiong Y, Zhang J, Shao T, Chen S, Miao B, Wang Z, Du Q, Huang Y, Tong D. Autophagy Promotes Porcine Parvovirus Replication and Induces Non-Apoptotic Cell Death in Porcine Placental Trophoblasts. Viruses. 2020; 12(1):15. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12010015
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Xiujuan, Yingli Xiong, Jie Zhang, Ting Shao, Songbiao Chen, Bichen Miao, Zhenyu Wang, Qian Du, Yong Huang, and Dewen Tong. 2020. "Autophagy Promotes Porcine Parvovirus Replication and Induces Non-Apoptotic Cell Death in Porcine Placental Trophoblasts" Viruses 12, no. 1: 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12010015
APA StyleZhang, X., Xiong, Y., Zhang, J., Shao, T., Chen, S., Miao, B., Wang, Z., Du, Q., Huang, Y., & Tong, D. (2020). Autophagy Promotes Porcine Parvovirus Replication and Induces Non-Apoptotic Cell Death in Porcine Placental Trophoblasts. Viruses, 12(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12010015