A Bioinformatics View of Glycan–Virus Interactions
Philippe Le Mercier 1,*
, Julien Mariethoz 2,3, Josefina Lascano-Maillard 2,3, François Bonnardel 2,3,4, Anne Imberty 4, Sylvie Ricard-Blum 5 and Frédérique Lisacek 2,3,6,*
, Julien Mariethoz 2,3, Josefina Lascano-Maillard 2,3, François Bonnardel 2,3,4, Anne Imberty 4, Sylvie Ricard-Blum 5 and Frédérique Lisacek 2,3,6,*
1
Swiss-Prot Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
2
Proteome Informatics Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
3
Computer Science Department, University of Geneva, 1227 Geneva, Switzerland
4
Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38041 Grenoble, France
5
Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, UMR 5246 CNRS—Université Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
6
Section of Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Viruses 2019, 11(4), 374; https://doi.org/10.3390/v11040374
Received: 5 March 2019 / Revised: 5 April 2019 / Accepted: 15 April 2019 / Published: 23 April 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Glycobiology of Viral Infections)
Abstract
Evidence of the mediation of glycan molecules in the interaction between viruses and their hosts is accumulating and is now partially reflected in several online databases. Bioinformatics provides convenient and efficient means of searching, visualizing, comparing, and sometimes predicting, interactions in numerous and diverse molecular biology applications related to the -omics fields. As viromics is gaining momentum, bioinformatics support is increasingly needed. We propose a survey of the current resources for searching, visualizing, comparing, and possibly predicting host–virus interactions that integrate the presence and role of glycans. To the best of our knowledge, we have mapped the specialized and general-purpose databases with the appropriate focus. With an illustration of their potential usage, we also discuss the strong and weak points of the current bioinformatics landscape in the context of understanding viral infection and the immune response to it. View Full-TextKeywords:
glycan; carbohydrate; bioinformatics; host–virus interactions; immunology; database; data integration; interoperability
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Le Mercier, P.; Mariethoz, J.; Lascano-Maillard, J.; Bonnardel, F.; Imberty, A.; Ricard-Blum, S.; Lisacek, F. A Bioinformatics View of Glycan–Virus Interactions. Viruses 2019, 11, 374.
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