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Volume 11
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10.3390/v11040313
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Article

The N-Terminal Domain of Spike Protein Is Not the Enteric Tropism Determinant for Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus in Piglets

by
Gang Wang
1,2,
Rui Liang
1,2,
Ziwei Liu
1,2,
Zhou Shen
1,2,
Jiale Shi
1,2,
Yuejun Shi
1,2,
Feng Deng
1,2,
Shaobo Xiao
1,2,
Zhen F. Fu
1,2,3 and
Guiqing Peng
1,2,4,*
1
State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
2
Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
3
Departments of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
4
College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Viruses 2019, 11(4), 313; https://doi.org/10.3390/v11040313
Submission received: 4 March 2019 / Revised: 24 March 2019 / Accepted: 26 March 2019 / Published: 30 March 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Porcine Viruses 2019)
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Abstract

Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) is the etiologic agent of transmissible gastroenteritis in pigs, and the N-terminal domain of TGEV spike protein is generally recognized as both the virulence determinant and enteric tropism determinant. Here, we assembled a full-length infectious cDNA clone of TGEV in a bacterial artificial chromosome. Using a novel approach, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) systems efficiently and rapidly rescued another recombinant virus with a 224-amino-acid deletion in the N-terminal domain of the TGEV Spike gene (S_NTD224), which is analogous to the N-terminal domain of porcine respiratory coronavirus. S_NTD224 notably affected the TGEV growth kinetics in PK-15 cells but was not essential for recombinant virus survival. In animal experiments with 13 two-day-old piglets, the TGEV recombinant viruses with/without S_NTD224 deletion induced obvious clinical signs and mortality. Together, our results directly demonstrated that S_NTD224 of TGEV mildly influenced TGEV virulence but was not the enteric tropism determinant and provide new insights for the development of a new attenuated vaccine against TGEV. Importantly, the optimized reverse genetics platform used in this study will simplify the construction of mutant infectious clones and help accelerate progress in coronavirus research.
Keywords: transmissible gastroenteritis virus; spike gene; enteric tropism; reverse genetics; CRISPR/Cas9 transmissible gastroenteritis virus; spike gene; enteric tropism; reverse genetics; CRISPR/Cas9

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MDPI and ACS Style

Wang, G.; Liang, R.; Liu, Z.; Shen, Z.; Shi, J.; Shi, Y.; Deng, F.; Xiao, S.; Fu, Z.F.; Peng, G. The N-Terminal Domain of Spike Protein Is Not the Enteric Tropism Determinant for Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus in Piglets. Viruses 2019, 11, 313. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11040313

AMA Style

Wang G, Liang R, Liu Z, Shen Z, Shi J, Shi Y, Deng F, Xiao S, Fu ZF, Peng G. The N-Terminal Domain of Spike Protein Is Not the Enteric Tropism Determinant for Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus in Piglets. Viruses. 2019; 11(4):313. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11040313

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wang, Gang, Rui Liang, Ziwei Liu, Zhou Shen, Jiale Shi, Yuejun Shi, Feng Deng, Shaobo Xiao, Zhen F. Fu, and Guiqing Peng. 2019. "The N-Terminal Domain of Spike Protein Is Not the Enteric Tropism Determinant for Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus in Piglets" Viruses 11, no. 4: 313. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11040313

APA Style

Wang, G., Liang, R., Liu, Z., Shen, Z., Shi, J., Shi, Y., Deng, F., Xiao, S., Fu, Z. F., & Peng, G. (2019). The N-Terminal Domain of Spike Protein Is Not the Enteric Tropism Determinant for Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus in Piglets. Viruses, 11(4), 313. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11040313

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