A Paradigmatic Interplay between Human Cytomegalovirus and Host Immune System: Possible Involvement of Viral Antigen-Driven CD8+ T Cell Responses in Systemic Sclerosis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. HCMV Serology
2.3. Detection of HCMV-Specific T Cell Responses
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Study Population
3.2. HCMV-Specifc CD4+ and CD8+ T Cell Responses
3.3. HCMV-Specific CD8+ T Cell Responses in Relation to the Disease Duration and Modified Rodnan Skin Score
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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SSc Patients | Healthy Subjects | |
---|---|---|
Number (n) | 20 | 18 |
Age, years | ||
Median (range) | 54 (37–73) | 55 (39–62) |
Gender, n (%) | ||
Male | 4 (20) | 2 (11) |
Female | 16 (80) | 16 (89) |
HCMV serology, n (%) | ||
IgG+ IgM- | 16 (80) | 15 (83) |
IgG- IgM- | 3 (15) | 3 (17) |
IgG- IgM+ | 1 (5) | |
Disease duration, years | ||
Median (range) | 4 (1–19) | |
Clinical subgroups, n (%) | ||
Diffuse cutaneous | 4 (20) | |
Limited cutaneous | 16 (80) | |
Clinical manifestations, n (%) | ||
Raynaud’s phenomenon | 20 (100) | |
Digital ulcer | 7 (35) | |
Puffy fingers | 10 (50) | |
Pitting | 7 (35) | |
Telangiectasia | 12 (60) | |
Arthralgia | 11 (55) | |
Interstitial lung disease | 11 (55) | |
Heart involvement | 8 (40) | |
Esophageal dysfunction | 14 (70) | |
FVC% 1, median (range) | 101 (86–130) | |
FEV1% 2, median (range) | 103 (84–126) | |
DLCO Sb% 3, median (range) | 65 (31–94) | |
Modified Rodnan skin score | ||
Median (range) | 8 (0–22) | |
Autoantibodies, n (%) | ||
Positive ANA 4 | 19 (95) | |
Positive ACA 5 | 8 (40) | |
Positive anti-SCl70 | 5 (25) | |
Treatment, n (%) | ||
Steroids | 2 (10) | |
Prostanoids | 16 (80) | |
Bosentan | 5 (25) | |
Calcium antagonist | 12 (60) |
Blood Samples | CD4+ T Cell Responses (%) | CD8+ T Cell Responses (%) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
∑% 1 | pp65 | IE1 | UL94 | ∑% | pp65 | IE1 | UL94 | |
SSc pz 2 1 | 15.06 | 3.11 | 5.28 | 6.67 | 12.86 | 2.65 | 5.20 | 5.01 |
SSc pz 2 | 0.25 | 0.25 | NR 3 | NR | 19.23 | 19.23 | NR | NR |
SSc pz 3 | 0.59 | NR | NR | 0.59 | 1.21 | NR | 1.21 | NR |
SSc pz 4 | 3.74 | 0.52 | NR | 3.22 | 3.52 | 0.74 | NR | 2.78 |
SSc pz 5 | 1.04 | 0.43 | 0.45 | 0.6 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
SSc pz 6 | 0.71 | 0.29 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 16.81 | 13.16 | 2.52 | 1.13 |
SSc pz 7 | 1.26 | 0.4 | 0.28 | 0.58 | 9.27 | 4.08 | 4.64 | 0.55 |
SSc pz 8 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 4.33 | 0.98 | 3.35 | NR |
SSc pz 9 | 0.38 | NR | 0.1 | 0.28 | 1.96 | 1.1 | 0.86 | NR |
SSc pz 10 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 11.95 | 1.05 | 10.9 | NR |
SSc pz 11 | 0.13 | 0.13 | NR | NR | 4.12 | 3.13 | 0.77 | NR |
SSc pz 12 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
SSc pz 13 | 0.44 | 0.44 | NR | NR | 2.37 | 0.42 | 1.95 | NR |
SSc pz 14 | 0.23 | 0.23 | NR | NR | 3.51 | 3.36 | 0.15 | NR |
SSc pz 15 | 0.35 | NR | 0.13 | 0.22 | 1.51 | 0.61 | 0.90 | NR |
SSc pz 16 | 0.6 | 0.28 | 0.32 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
SSc pz 17 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 0.83 | NR | 0.19 | 0.64 |
Hs 4 1 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
Hs 2 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
Hs 3 | 0.67 | 0.33 | 0.23 | 0.11 | 1.23 | 0.5 | 0.45 | 0.28 |
Hs 4 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
Hs 5 | 0.60 | NR | NR | 0.60 | 0.71 | 0.71 | NR | NR |
Hs 6 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 5.60 | 5.60 | NR | NR |
Hs 7 | 0.77 | 0.56 | 0.08 | 0.13 | 0.72 | 0.72 | NR | NR |
Hs 8 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
Hs 9 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
Hs 10 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 1.22 | 0.22 | 1.00 | NR |
Hs 11 | 0.28 | 0.28 | NR | NR | 0.52 | 0.52 | NR | NR |
Hs 12 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
Hs 13 | 0.09 | 0.09 | NR | NR | 2.32 | NR | 2.32 | NR |
Hs 14 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 0.45 | 0.45 | NR | NR |
Hs 15 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 0.37 | 0.11 | 0.26 | NR |
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Arcangeletti, M.-C.; Maccari, C.; Vescovini, R.; Volpi, R.; Giuggioli, D.; Sighinolfi, G.; De Conto, F.; Chezzi, C.; Calderaro, A.; Ferri, C. A Paradigmatic Interplay between Human Cytomegalovirus and Host Immune System: Possible Involvement of Viral Antigen-Driven CD8+ T Cell Responses in Systemic Sclerosis. Viruses 2018, 10, 508. https://doi.org/10.3390/v10090508
Arcangeletti M-C, Maccari C, Vescovini R, Volpi R, Giuggioli D, Sighinolfi G, De Conto F, Chezzi C, Calderaro A, Ferri C. A Paradigmatic Interplay between Human Cytomegalovirus and Host Immune System: Possible Involvement of Viral Antigen-Driven CD8+ T Cell Responses in Systemic Sclerosis. Viruses. 2018; 10(9):508. https://doi.org/10.3390/v10090508
Chicago/Turabian StyleArcangeletti, Maria-Cristina, Clara Maccari, Rosanna Vescovini, Riccardo Volpi, Dilia Giuggioli, Gianluca Sighinolfi, Flora De Conto, Carlo Chezzi, Adriana Calderaro, and Clodoveo Ferri. 2018. "A Paradigmatic Interplay between Human Cytomegalovirus and Host Immune System: Possible Involvement of Viral Antigen-Driven CD8+ T Cell Responses in Systemic Sclerosis" Viruses 10, no. 9: 508. https://doi.org/10.3390/v10090508
APA StyleArcangeletti, M. -C., Maccari, C., Vescovini, R., Volpi, R., Giuggioli, D., Sighinolfi, G., De Conto, F., Chezzi, C., Calderaro, A., & Ferri, C. (2018). A Paradigmatic Interplay between Human Cytomegalovirus and Host Immune System: Possible Involvement of Viral Antigen-Driven CD8+ T Cell Responses in Systemic Sclerosis. Viruses, 10(9), 508. https://doi.org/10.3390/v10090508