Role of T-Helper 9 Cells in Chronic Hepatitis C-Infected Patients
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethics Statement
2.2. Study Subjects
2.3. Sample Processing
2.4. Cell Preparation
2.5. Flow Cytometry Analysis
2.6. Real-Time PCR
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Alteration of the Frequency of Th9 Cells in Infected Patients
3.2. Correlation of Th9 Cells with Clinical Parameters
3.3. Th9 Levels in Relation to Liver Disease Severity
3.4. Th9 Levels in Relation to Response to Treatment
3.5. Predictive Accuracy and Determination of the Best Cut-Off Value of Th9 Cells for Predicting HCV-Related Chronic Liver Disease
3.6. Expression of IL9 Receptor (IL9R) in HCV-Infected Patients
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | CHC (n = 16) | LC without HCC (n = 43) | LC with HCC (n = 26) | Total (n = 85) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) a | 47 ± 13.4 (25–65) | 59.9 ± 8.4 (45–78) | 58.3 ± 9.4 (41–80) | 57 ± 10.7 (25–80) |
Sex b | ||||
Male | 8 (50%) | 24 (55.8%) | 14 (53.8%) | 46 (54.1%) |
Female | 8 (50%) | 19 (44.2%) | 12 (46.2%) | 39 (45.9%) |
Co-morbid diseases b | 2 (13%) | 11 (26%) | 12 (46%) | 25 (29.4%) |
Abdominal pain b | 5 (31%) | 6 (14%) | 13 (50%) | 24 (28.2%) |
Ascites b | 0 | 32 (74%) | 15 (58%) | 47 (81%) |
GIT bleeding b | 0 | 8 (19%) | 8 (31%) | 16 (18.8%) |
Hepatic Encephalopathy b | 0 | 25 (58%) | 10 (38%) | 35 (41%) |
Serum albumin a | 4.1 ± 0.7 | 2.3 ± 0.7 | 2.6 ± 0.7 | 2.7 ± 0.9 |
Serum total bilirubin (gm/dL) c | 1.8 (1.2–4) | 3.1 (0.4–7.2) | 1.9 (0.8–24.1) | 2 (0.4–24.1) |
Alanine transaminase (IU/L) c | 68.5 (55–250) | 112.2 (8–407) | 100.1 (22–310) | 84.8 (8–407) |
Aspartate transaminase (IU/L) c | 51 (39–89) | 71 (14–222) | 92 (32–476.3) | 66 (14–476.3) |
Alkaline phosphatase (IU/L) c | 165.8 (139–200) | 168 (55–420) | 179 (57–340) | 166 (55–420) |
Prothrombin time (seconds) a | 14 ± 1.5 | 19.5 ± 4.4 | 20.5 ± 10.5 | 19.8 ± 7.7 |
INR a | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.7 ± 0.4 | 1.9 ± 0.9 | 1.7 ± 0.7 |
WBC(x106/uL) c | 4.3 (2.4–5.2) | 6.1 (2.4–33.5) | 8.5 (1.5–31.8) | 7.5 (1.5–33.5) |
Lymphocytes c | 15.2 (11.3–76) | 19.6 (6.1–75) | 15 (2.9–85) | 17.7 (2.9–85) |
Neutrophils c | 70.1 (55–78) | 71.2 (52.2–83.2) | 76 (53.4–89.5) | 73.6 (52.2–89.5) |
Hematocrit value c | 31 (22–35) | 30 (11.7–43.5) | 28.9 (13.5–49.1) | 29.6 ± 7.7 |
Serum creatinine (mg/dL) c | 1.1 (0.8–1.3) | 1.4 (0.5–4) | 1.2 (0.5–5.9) | 1.2 (0.5–5.9) |
Alfa Fetoprotein (IU/L) c | NA | NA | 357 (61.6–2526.6) | 357 (61.6–2526.6) |
Child–Pugh score a | 0 | 10.7 ± 2.7 | 10.2 ± 2.8 | 10.5 ± 2.7 |
Child–Pugh classification b | ||||
Child–Pugh A | NA | 6 (14%) | 3 (12%) | 9 (8.9%) |
Child–Pugh B | NA | 9 (21%) | 10 (38%) | 19 (18.1%) |
Child–Pugh C | NA | 28 (65%) | 13 (50%) | 41 (39%) |
MELD score a | 0 | 17.7 ± 7.1 | 19.5 ± 8.9 | 18.4 ± 7.8 |
Death b | 0 | 1 (2.3%) | 6 (23%) | 7 (8.2%) |
Variable | CHC | CHC-LC | CHC-HCC | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
r/rho | p Value | r/rho | p Value | r/rho | p Value | |
Age | 0.242 | 0.241 | 0.187 | 0.405 | 0.181 | 0.387 |
Serum albumin | −0.436 | 0.091 | 0.091 | 0.560 | −0.370 | 0.063 |
Serum total bilirubin | 0.392 | 0.134 | 0.141 | 0368 | 0.036 | 0.861 |
ALT | 0.133 | 0.804 | 0.186 | 0.231 | 0.186 | 0.676 |
AST | 0.141 | 0.879 | 0.175 | 0.261 | 0.157 | 0.782 |
ALP | 0.198 | 0.719 | −0.064 | 0.686 | 0.192 | 0.346 |
Prothrombin time | 0.324 | 0.221 | 0.202 | 0.194 | 0.098 | 0.634 |
INR | 0.111 | 0.420 | 0.177 | 0.261 | 0.166 | 0.417 |
WBC | 0.084 | 0.784 | 0.085 | 0.694 | 0.102 | 0.697 |
Lymphocyte | - | - | 0.091 | 0.688 | 0.224 | 0.329 |
Neutrophil | - | - | 0.164 | 0.503 | 0.175 | 0.533 |
Hb | 0.587 | 0.298 | −0.156 | 0.410 | −0.025 | 0.915 |
HCT | 0.571 | 0.315 | −0.089 | 0.635 | −0.176 | 0.445 |
Serum creatinine | 0.121 | 0.811 | 0.068 | 0.706 | 0.135 | 0.630 |
HCV-RNA | 0.311 | 0.280 | 0.054 | 0.791 | 0.341 | 0.233 |
Child-Pugh score | - | - | 0.127 | 0.423 | 0.308 | 0.126 |
MELD | - | - | 0.197 | 0.281 | 0.081 | 0.786 |
AFP | - | - | - | - | 0.632 | 0.368 |
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Ali, M.E.; El-Badawy, O.; Afifi, N.A.; Eldin, A.S.; Hassan, E.A.; Halby, H.M.; El-Mokhtar, M.A. Role of T-Helper 9 Cells in Chronic Hepatitis C-Infected Patients. Viruses 2018, 10, 341. https://doi.org/10.3390/v10070341
Ali ME, El-Badawy O, Afifi NA, Eldin AS, Hassan EA, Halby HM, El-Mokhtar MA. Role of T-Helper 9 Cells in Chronic Hepatitis C-Infected Patients. Viruses. 2018; 10(7):341. https://doi.org/10.3390/v10070341
Chicago/Turabian StyleAli, Mohamed E., Omnia El-Badawy, Noha A. Afifi, Abeer Sharaf Eldin, Elham Ahmed Hassan, Hamada M. Halby, and Mohamed Ahmed El-Mokhtar. 2018. "Role of T-Helper 9 Cells in Chronic Hepatitis C-Infected Patients" Viruses 10, no. 7: 341. https://doi.org/10.3390/v10070341
APA StyleAli, M. E., El-Badawy, O., Afifi, N. A., Eldin, A. S., Hassan, E. A., Halby, H. M., & El-Mokhtar, M. A. (2018). Role of T-Helper 9 Cells in Chronic Hepatitis C-Infected Patients. Viruses, 10(7), 341. https://doi.org/10.3390/v10070341