Development and Validation of a Microtiter Plate-Based Assay for Determination of Bacteriophage Host Range and Virulence
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Bacterial Strains and Culture Conditions
2.2. Bacteriophage Strains and Culture Conditions
2.3. Phage Host Range Agar Overlay Spot Assay
2.4. Methodology Development for the Microtiter Plate Host Range Assay
2.5. Analysis of Microtiter Plate Host Range Assay Data
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Measurement of Phage Host Range by Traditional Spot Assay
3.2. Determination of Microtiter Assay Parameters
3.3. Measurement of Phage Host Range and Virulence by Microtiter Plate Assay
3.4. Comparison Between Two Host Range Methods
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Strains | Serovars | Sources/References |
---|---|---|
USDA4 | Anatum | T. Edrington (USDA)/[37] |
FC1033C3 | Anatum | Cattle Feedlot Environment/[37] |
S2029C2 | Anatum | Cattle Feedlot Environment/[37] |
S2028C1 | Anatum | Cattle Feedlot Environment/[37] |
FD1001A1 | Muenchen | Cattle Feedlot Environment/[37] |
H2006-1 | Cerro | Cattle Feedlot Environment/[38] |
08-022 | Dublin | S. Lawhon (Texas A&M Veterinary Medicine) |
SGSC 2475 | Enteritidis | Salmonella Genetic Stock Centre/(University of Calgary, CA)/[39] |
3115 | Enteritidis | T. M. Taylor (Texas A&M University) |
SGSC 2480 | Heidelberg | Salmonella Genetic Stock Centre (University of Calgary, CA)/[39] |
3117 | Heidelberg | K. Cummings (Texas A&M Veterinary Medicine) |
USDA3 | Montevideo | T. Edrington (USDA)/[37] |
H1042-3 | Montevideo | Cattle Feedlot Environment/[38] |
USDA2 | Newport | T. Edrington (USDA)/[37] |
10-014 | Newport | S. Lawhon (Texas A&M Veterinary Medicine) |
330-1 | Reading | S. Lawhon (Texas A&M Veterinary Medicine) |
USDA1 | Typhimurium | T. Edrington (USDA)/[37] |
3116 | Typhimurium | T. M. Taylor (Texas A&M University) |
LT2 | Typhimurium | American Type Culture Collection/ATCC 19585 |
USDA5 | Kentucky | T. Edrington (USDA) |
Phages | Propagation Host | Source |
---|---|---|
Sasha | FC1033C3 | Cattle Feedlot Environment/[37] |
Season5 | S2029C2 | Cattle Feedlot Environment/[37] |
Season6 | LT2 | Cattle Feedlot Environment/[37] |
Sergei | FC1033C3 | Cattle Feedlot Environment/[37] |
Season12 | USDA2 | Cattle Feedlot Environment/[37] |
Season13 | LT2 | Cattle Feedlot Environment/[37] |
Munch | USDA3 | Cattle Feedlot Environment/[37] |
Minion | S2028C1 | Cattle Feedlot Environment/[37] |
Mecon | FD1001A1 | Cattle Feedlot Environment/[37] |
Season24 | USDA4 | Cattle Feedlot Environment/[37] |
Morel | S2028C1 | Cattle Feedlot Environment/[37] |
Season27A | FC1033C3 | Cattle Feedlot Environment/[37] |
Sw2 | FC1033C3 | Municipal wastewater influent, TX |
FelixO1 | LT2 | Salmonella Genetic Stock Centre (University of Calgary, CA) |
Melville | USDA2 | Municipal wastewater influent, TX |
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Xie, Y.; Wahab, L.; Gill, J.J. Development and Validation of a Microtiter Plate-Based Assay for Determination of Bacteriophage Host Range and Virulence. Viruses 2018, 10, 189. https://doi.org/10.3390/v10040189
Xie Y, Wahab L, Gill JJ. Development and Validation of a Microtiter Plate-Based Assay for Determination of Bacteriophage Host Range and Virulence. Viruses. 2018; 10(4):189. https://doi.org/10.3390/v10040189
Chicago/Turabian StyleXie, Yicheng, Laith Wahab, and Jason J. Gill. 2018. "Development and Validation of a Microtiter Plate-Based Assay for Determination of Bacteriophage Host Range and Virulence" Viruses 10, no. 4: 189. https://doi.org/10.3390/v10040189