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Expert Opinion on Three Phage Therapy Related Topics: Bacterial Phage Resistance, Phage Training and Prophages in Bacterial Production Strains
by
Christine Rohde 1,†,‡, Grégory Resch 2,†,‡, Jean-Paul Pirnay 3,†,‡
, Bob G. Blasdel 4,†, Laurent Debarbieux 5, Daniel Gelman 6, Andrzej Górski 7,8, Ronen Hazan 6, Isabelle Huys 9, Elene Kakabadze 10, Małgorzata Łobocka 11,12, Alice Maestri 13, Gabriel Magno de Freitas Almeida 14, Khatuna Makalatia 10, Danish J. Malik 15, Ivana Mašlaňová 16, Maia Merabishvili 3,17, Roman Pantucek 16, Thomas Rose 3, Dana Štveráková 16,18, Hilde Van Raemdonck 3, Gilbert Verbeken 3 and Nina Chanishvili 10,*
, Bob G. Blasdel 4,†, Laurent Debarbieux 5, Daniel Gelman 6, Andrzej Górski 7,8, Ronen Hazan 6, Isabelle Huys 9, Elene Kakabadze 10, Małgorzata Łobocka 11,12, Alice Maestri 13, Gabriel Magno de Freitas Almeida 14, Khatuna Makalatia 10, Danish J. Malik 15, Ivana Mašlaňová 16, Maia Merabishvili 3,17, Roman Pantucek 16, Thomas Rose 3, Dana Štveráková 16,18, Hilde Van Raemdonck 3, Gilbert Verbeken 3 and Nina Chanishvili 10,*
1
Department of Microorganisms, Leibniz Institute DSMZ—German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, 38100 Braunschweig, Germany
2
Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
3
Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, 1120 Brussels, Belgium
4
Laboratory of Gene Technology, Department of Biosystems, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
5
Department of Microbiology, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
6
Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
7
Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
8
Department of Clinical Immunology, Transplantation Institute, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland
9
Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
10
Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology and Virology, Gotua Street 3, 0160 Tbilisi, Georgia
11
Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-901 Warsaw, Poland
12
Autonomous Department of Microorganisms’ Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
13
University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
14
Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Survontie 9C, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
15
Chemical Engineering Department, Loughborough University, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK
16
Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 60000 Brno, Czech Republic
17
Laboratory for Bacteriology Research, Faculty Medicine & Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
18
MB Pharma, 120 00 Prague 2 Vinohrady, Czech Republic
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
‡
Chair persons of the round tables.
Viruses 2018, 10(4), 178; https://doi.org/10.3390/v10040178
Received: 31 March 2018 / Revised: 3 April 2018 / Accepted: 3 April 2018 / Published: 5 April 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hurdles for Phage Therapy (PT) to Become a Reality)
Phage therapy is increasingly put forward as a “new” potential tool in the fight against antibiotic resistant infections. During the “Centennial Celebration of Bacteriophage Research” conference in Tbilisi, Georgia on 26–29 June 2017, an international group of phage researchers committed to elaborate an expert opinion on three contentious phage therapy related issues that are hampering clinical progress in the field of phage therapy. This paper explores and discusses bacterial phage resistance, phage training and the presence of prophages in bacterial production strains while reviewing relevant research findings and experiences. Our purpose is to inform phage therapy stakeholders such as policy makers, officials of the competent authorities for medicines, phage researchers and phage producers, and members of the pharmaceutical industry. This brief also points out potential avenues for future phage therapy research and development as it specifically addresses those overarching questions that currently call for attention whenever phages go into purification processes for application.
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Keywords:
Bacteriophage; phage therapy; resistance; adaptation; prophage; production; regulation
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
MDPI and ACS Style
Rohde, C.; Resch, G.; Pirnay, J.-P.; Blasdel, B.G.; Debarbieux, L.; Gelman, D.; Górski, A.; Hazan, R.; Huys, I.; Kakabadze, E.; Łobocka, M.; Maestri, A.; Almeida, G.M.F.; Makalatia, K.; Malik, D.J.; Mašlaňová, I.; Merabishvili, M.; Pantucek, R.; Rose, T.; Štveráková, D.; Van Raemdonck, H.; Verbeken, G.; Chanishvili, N. Expert Opinion on Three Phage Therapy Related Topics: Bacterial Phage Resistance, Phage Training and Prophages in Bacterial Production Strains. Viruses 2018, 10, 178.
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