Forest Biomass Policy in Minnesota: Supply Chain Perspectives on Barriers to Bioenergy Development
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Analysis Framework
1.1.1. Architecture
1.1.2. Agency
1.1.3. Adaptiveness
1.1.4. Accountability
1.1.5. Allocation
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results & Discussion
3.1. Architecture
3.1.1. Lack of Policy Coordination
3.1.2. Issues of Scale
3.2. Agency
3.2.1. Lack of Agency
3.2.2. Lack of Public Support
3.3. Adaptiveness
3.3.1. Wood Harvesting Practices
3.3.2. Issues of Scale
3.4. Accountability
3.4.1. Lack of Authority
3.4.2. Role of Subsidies
3.5. Allocation
3.5.1. Market Distortion
3.5.2. BCAP
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Dimension | Forest Bioenergy Variables | Supporting Literature |
---|---|---|
Architecture | Overall structure of institutions, governance structures, and existing policies and programs within forest bioenergy system. | Biermann et al., 2007 [13], Biermann et al., 2009 [14] |
Agency | The power and authority given to an individual or group entity, as well as how this is exercised and distributed within the forest bioenergy system | Biermann et al., 2009 [14], Fu, 2008 [15], Yousefpour et al., 2012 [16], Mohammed and Inoue 2011 [17] |
Adaptiveness | The ability of a system to ‘adapt’ in a dynamic environment, in order to change and evolve to address changing institutional forces and governance processes. | Lemos and Agrawal, 2006 [18], Lidskog and Löfmarck, 2016 [19], Biermann et al., 2009 [14], Yousefpour et al., 2012 [16] |
Accountability | The level of responsibility and authority that each involved actor in the forest bioenergy system possesses, and is perceived to possess. | Jedd and Bixler, 2015 [20], Mohammed and Inoue, 2011 [17], Biermann et al., 2007 [13] |
Allocation | The equitable access to forest resources as well as information that is granted to all actors involved in the forest bioenergy system. | Anderson et al., 2015 [21], Ameha et al., 2014 [22], Biermann et al., 2007 [13] |
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Carleton, L.E.; Becker, D. Forest Biomass Policy in Minnesota: Supply Chain Perspectives on Barriers to Bioenergy Development. Forests 2018, 9, 254. https://doi.org/10.3390/f9050254
Carleton LE, Becker D. Forest Biomass Policy in Minnesota: Supply Chain Perspectives on Barriers to Bioenergy Development. Forests. 2018; 9(5):254. https://doi.org/10.3390/f9050254
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarleton, Laura Eaton, and Dennis Becker. 2018. "Forest Biomass Policy in Minnesota: Supply Chain Perspectives on Barriers to Bioenergy Development" Forests 9, no. 5: 254. https://doi.org/10.3390/f9050254