Wood Density Profiles and Their Corresponding Tissue Fractions in Tropical Angiosperm Trees
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Site and Samples
2.2. X-Ray CT Densitometry
2.3. Wood Anatomical Measurements
2.3.1. Parenchyma and Vessels
2.3.2. Fibres
2.4. Model and Local Correlation
3. Results
3.1. General Wood Density—Anatomical Fractions Relationship
3.2. Local Definition of the Density Profile: Growth Ring Boundary Criterion
3.3. Local Radial Variation in the Relation between Wood Density and Wood Anatomical Fractions
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Test Species | Tw Label | Family | DBH (cm) | Site | Life Strategy | Phenology |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anonidium mannii (Oliv.) Engl. & Diels | Tw64366 | Annonaceae | 26.7 | Malebo | Shade bearer | Evergreen |
Canarium schweinfurthii Engl. | Tw78659 | Burseraceae | 31.7 | Luki | Light demanding | Deciduous |
Entandrophragma angolense (Welw.) C.DC. | Tw78727 | Meliaceae | 37.2 | Malebo | Light demanding | Deciduous |
Milicia excelsa (Welw.) C.C. Berg | Tw78904 | Moraceae | 32 | Luki | Light demanding | Deciduous |
Pycnanthus angolensis (Welw.) Warb. | Tw78728 | Myristicaceae | 44 | Malebo | Light demanding | Evergreen |
Polyalthia suaveolens Engl. & Diels | Tw68771 | Annonaceae | 27.5 | Yoko | Shade bearer | Evergreen |
Staudtia kamerunensis Warb. | Tw68713 | Myristicaceae | 23.8 | Luki | Shade bearer | Evergreen |
Tetrorchidium didymostemon (Baill.) Pax & K.Hoffm. | Tw78828 | Myristicaceae | 33.4 | Luki | Light demanding | Evergreen |
Species | WD (kg·m−3) | PRM (-) | VL (-) | F (-) | FW (-) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A. mannii | 513.15 (48.77) | 0.34 (0.07) | 0.04 (0.03) | 0.62 (0.09) | 0.23 (0.06) |
C. schweinfurthii | 500.91 (60.75) | 0.13 (0.03) | 0.09 (0.04) | 0.78 (0.04) | 0.22 (0.04) |
E. angolense | 651.89 (47.61) | 0.23 (0.07) | 0.08 (0.04) | 0.69 (0.08) | 0.35 (0.06) |
M. excelsa | 571.17 (57.71) | 0.28 (0.14) | 0.06 (0.04) | 0.66 (0.16) | 0.25 (0.06) |
P. angolensis | 570.79 (36.30) | 0.23 (0.03) | 0.07 (0.04) | 0.7 (0.04) | 0.33 (0.03) |
P. suaveolens | 794.36 (25.82) | 0.42 (0.03) | 0.12 (0.04) | 0.46 (0.04) | 0.49 (0.06) |
S. kamerunensis | 768.67 (26.51) | 0.31 (0.03) | 0.05 (0.02) | 0.64 (0.03) | 0.35 (0.05) |
T. didymostemon | 510.30 (30.72) | 0.19 (0.08) | 0.13 (0.05) | 0.67 (0.09) | 0.25 (0.05) |
Fixed effects | |
---|---|
Intercept | 490.92 |
Parenchyma fraction | −24.39 |
Vessel lumina fraction | −94.22 |
Fibre wall fraction | 453.67 |
% of variance | 65% |
Random effects | Contribution to total variance (%) |
Species | 4 |
Species|parenchyma | 4 |
Species|vessels | 6 |
Species|fibre walls | 13 |
Residuals | 8 |
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De Mil, T.; Tarelkin, Y.; Hahn, S.; Hubau, W.; Deklerck, V.; Debeir, O.; Van Acker, J.; De Cannière, C.; Beeckman, H.; Van den Bulcke, J. Wood Density Profiles and Their Corresponding Tissue Fractions in Tropical Angiosperm Trees. Forests 2018, 9, 763. https://doi.org/10.3390/f9120763
De Mil T, Tarelkin Y, Hahn S, Hubau W, Deklerck V, Debeir O, Van Acker J, De Cannière C, Beeckman H, Van den Bulcke J. Wood Density Profiles and Their Corresponding Tissue Fractions in Tropical Angiosperm Trees. Forests. 2018; 9(12):763. https://doi.org/10.3390/f9120763
Chicago/Turabian StyleDe Mil, Tom, Yegor Tarelkin, Stephan Hahn, Wannes Hubau, Victor Deklerck, Olivier Debeir, Joris Van Acker, Charles De Cannière, Hans Beeckman, and Jan Van den Bulcke. 2018. "Wood Density Profiles and Their Corresponding Tissue Fractions in Tropical Angiosperm Trees" Forests 9, no. 12: 763. https://doi.org/10.3390/f9120763