Environmental Factors Driving the Recovery of Bay Laurels from Phytophthora ramorum Infections: An Application of Numerical Ecology to Citizen Science
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Samplings and Laboratory Analyses
2.2. Design of the Algoritm to Detect and Geolocate the Recovered Trees
2.2.1. Rationale
2.2.2. Modelling GPS Error and Spatial Resolution of the Grid-System
2.2.3. Design of the Algorithm
2.2.4. Algorithm Performances Assessment
2.3. Detection and Geolocation of the Trees Recovered from P. ramorum Infections Based on the “SODmap” Database
2.4. Analysis of the Association between Environmental Factors and Recovery from P. ramorum Infections
2.5. Software and Libraries Used for Statistical, GIS and Numerical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Design of the Algorithm to Detect and Geolocate the Recovered Trees
3.1.1. GPS Error and Spatial Resolution of the Grid-System
3.1.2. Design of the Algorithm
3.1.3. Algorithm Performances Assessment
3.2. Detection and Geolocation of Trees Recovered from P. ramorum Infections Based on the “SODmap” Database
3.3. Analysis of the Association between Environmental Factors and Recovery from P. ramorum Infections
3.3.1. Environmental Factors
3.3.2. Binary Logistic Regression Models
3.3.3. Aspect Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Species | Scenario | Trees Infected at Least Once by P. ramorum | Recovered Trees | Recovered Trees (%) | 95% CI Lower Bound (%) | 95% CI Upper Bound (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bay laurel | 10 m | 359 | 116 | 32.3 | 27.5 | 37.3 |
500 m | 82 | 27 | 32.9 | 23.4 | 43.8 | |
Tanoak | 10 m | 43 | 4 | 9.3 | 3.2 | 21.5 |
500 m | 36 | 7 | 19.4 | 8.8 | 35.8 | |
Oaks | 10 m | 6 | 1 | 16.7 | 0.9 | 59.4 |
500 m | 8 | 2 | 25.0 | 4.6 | 64.1 | |
Overall species | 10 m | 408 | 121 | 29.7 | 25.3 | 34.3 |
500 m | 126 | 36 | 28.6 | 21.2 | 37.2 |
Scenario | W | W p-Value | R1 | R1 p-Value | R2 | R2 p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10 m | 1.974 | 0.373 | 1.026 | 0.311 | 0.178 | 0.673 |
500 m | 0.236 | 0.888 | 0.428 | 0.513 | 0.006 | 0.938 |
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Lione, G.; Gonthier, P.; Garbelotto, M. Environmental Factors Driving the Recovery of Bay Laurels from Phytophthora ramorum Infections: An Application of Numerical Ecology to Citizen Science. Forests 2017, 8, 293. https://doi.org/10.3390/f8080293
Lione G, Gonthier P, Garbelotto M. Environmental Factors Driving the Recovery of Bay Laurels from Phytophthora ramorum Infections: An Application of Numerical Ecology to Citizen Science. Forests. 2017; 8(8):293. https://doi.org/10.3390/f8080293
Chicago/Turabian StyleLione, Guglielmo, Paolo Gonthier, and Matteo Garbelotto. 2017. "Environmental Factors Driving the Recovery of Bay Laurels from Phytophthora ramorum Infections: An Application of Numerical Ecology to Citizen Science" Forests 8, no. 8: 293. https://doi.org/10.3390/f8080293