Assessing Forest Succession Along Environment, Trait, and Composition Gradients in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data Collection in the Tree and Regenerating Strata
2.3. Canopy Openness Assessment
2.4. Soil Physical-Chemical Attributes
2.5. Data Analysis
2.6. Vegetation-Environment Relationship
2.6.1. Species Abundance Matrix
2.6.2. Environmental and Successional Data Matrix
3. Results
3.1. Ecological Indicators of the Successional Trajectories of the Tree and Regenerating Strata
3.2. Redundancy Analysis—RDA
3.2.1. Vegetation–Environment Interactions (Environmental and Successional Data)
3.2.2. Vegetation–Environment Interactions (Environmental and Species Composition Data)
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Stratum | F1 | F2 | F3 |
---|---|---|---|
Tree | - | - | - |
Total number of individuals | 545 | 710 | 495 |
Shannon index | 3.63 | 2.68 | 4.49 |
Pielou’s evenness index | 0.80 | 0.66 | 0.89 |
Total families | 29 | 36 | 42 |
Total species | 84 | 55 | 149 |
Regeneration | - | - | - |
Total number of individuals | 137 | 448 | 282 |
Shannon index | 3.45 | 2.75 | 4.07 |
Pielou’s evenness index | 0.95 | 0.87 | 0.98 |
Total families | 25 | 22 | 29 |
Total species | 40 | 37 | 83 |
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Valente, C.; Hollunder, R.; Moura, C.; Siqueira, G.; Dias, H.; da Silva, G. Assessing Forest Succession Along Environment, Trait, and Composition Gradients in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Forests 2025, 16, 1169. https://doi.org/10.3390/f16071169
Valente C, Hollunder R, Moura C, Siqueira G, Dias H, da Silva G. Assessing Forest Succession Along Environment, Trait, and Composition Gradients in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Forests. 2025; 16(7):1169. https://doi.org/10.3390/f16071169
Chicago/Turabian StyleValente, Carem, Renan Hollunder, Cristiane Moura, Geovane Siqueira, Henrique Dias, and Gilson da Silva. 2025. "Assessing Forest Succession Along Environment, Trait, and Composition Gradients in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest" Forests 16, no. 7: 1169. https://doi.org/10.3390/f16071169
APA StyleValente, C., Hollunder, R., Moura, C., Siqueira, G., Dias, H., & da Silva, G. (2025). Assessing Forest Succession Along Environment, Trait, and Composition Gradients in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Forests, 16(7), 1169. https://doi.org/10.3390/f16071169