Moisture Seasonality Dominates the Plant Community Differentiation in Monsoon Evergreen Broad-Leaved Forests of Yunnan, China
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Site and Field Survey
2.1.1. Study Site
2.1.2. Field Surveys of Plant Communities
2.2. Environmental Factors
2.2.1. Climate Data
2.2.2. Topography and Soil Data
2.3. Community Classification
2.3.1. Important Value of Species
2.3.2. Quantitative Classification and Ordination
3. Results
3.1. Species Composition
3.2. Community Composition
3.3. Distribution Patterns and Community Structure Among Alliance Groups
3.4. Community Ordination and Environmental Drivers
3.4.1. NMDS Ordination of Alliance Groups
3.4.2. NMDS Ordination of Alliances
4. Discussion
4.1. Comparison of Species Composition in Yunnan’s MEBF
4.2. Community Diversity of Yunnan’s MEBF
4.3. Community Differentiation of Yunnan’s MEBF
4.4. Limitation and Perspective for a Vegetation Classification System of Yunnan’s MEBF
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Growth Form | The Top Ten Families and Genera | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Family | No. of Species | Genus | No. of Species | |
All species | Fabaceae | 194 | Ficus | 56 |
Lauraceae | 157 | Ilex | 46 | |
Rubiaceae | 157 | Smilax | 37 | |
Orchidaceae | 156 | Symplocos | 34 | |
Poaceae | 116 | Lithocarpus | 33 | |
Liliaceae | 91 | Litsea | 32 | |
Asteraceae | 90 | Rubus | 31 | |
Fagaceae | 85 | Ardisia | 28 | |
Euphorbiaceae | 83 | Castanopsis | 28 | |
Rosaceae | 79 | Machilus | 26 | |
Tree | Lauraceae | 139 | Ilex | 45 |
Fagaceae | 85 | Lithocarpus | 33 | |
Fabaceae | 73 | Ficus | 30 | |
Aquifoliaceae | 45 | Castanopsis | 28 | |
Euphorbiaceae | 43 | Machilus | 25 | |
Moraceae | 41 | Symplocos | 25 | |
Rosaceae | 40 | Elaeocarpus | 24 | |
Theaceae | 39 | Litsea | 23 | |
Magnoliaceae | 37 | Cinnamomum | 20 | |
Araliaceae | 29 | Lindera | 19 | |
—— | —— | Syzygium | 19 | |
Shrub | Rubiaceae | 107 | Smilax | 37 |
Fabaceae | 99 | Rubus | 30 | |
Myrsinaceae | 60 | Ardisia | 27 | |
Vitaceae | 41 | Ficus | 26 | |
Poaceae | 40 | Lasianthus | 25 | |
Liliaceae | 39 | Jasminum | 23 | |
Euphorbiaceae | 38 | Tetrastigma | 23 | |
Rosaceae | 36 | Embelia | 16 | |
Verbenaceae | 35 | Maesa | 16 | |
Moraceae | 33 | Vaccinium | 15 | |
Herb | Orchidaceae | 152 | Dryopteris | 22 |
Asteraceae | 80 | Dioscorea | 21 | |
Poaceae | 76 | Lepisorus | 21 | |
Polypodiaceae | 62 | Carex | 20 | |
Zingiberaceae | 59 | Dendrobium | 20 | |
Dryopteridaceae | 54 | Bulbophyllum | 19 | |
Liliaceae | 52 | Piper | 19 | |
Cyperaceae | 38 | Alpinia | 17 | |
Labiatae | 36 | Pteris | 17 | |
Urticaceae | 36 | Clematis | 16 | |
—— | —— | Pilea | 16 | |
—— | —— | Polygonum | 16 | |
—— | —— | Polystichum | 16 | |
Fern | Polypodiaceae | 62 | Dryopteris | 22 |
Dryopteridaceae | 54 | Lepisorus | 21 | |
Athyriaceae | 34 | Pteris | 17 | |
Thelypteridaceae | 27 | Polystichum | 16 | |
Pteridaceae | 17 | Athyrium | 14 | |
Aspleniaceae | 13 | Allantodia | 12 | |
Selaginellaceae | 11 | Arachniodes | 12 | |
Hypolepidaceae | 9 | Asplenium | 12 | |
Cyatheaeceae | 7 | Cyclosorus | 11 | |
Davalliaceae | 7 | Selaginella | 11 | |
Lygodiaceae | 7 | —— | —— | |
liana | Fabaceae | 59 | Tetrastigma | 24 |
Vitaceae | 39 | Dioscorea | 21 | |
Menispermaceae | 25 | Piper | 17 | |
Dioscoreaceae | 21 | Clematis | 16 | |
Apocynaceae | 17 | Embelia | 11 | |
Asclepiadaceae | 17 | Jasminum | 11 | |
Piperaceae | 17 | Dalbergia | 8 | |
Ranunculaceae | 16 | Millettia | 8 | |
Cucurbitaceae | 13 | Schisandra | 8 | |
Magnoliaceae | 13 | Stephania | 8 |
NMDS1 | NMDS2 | NMDS3 | R2 | Sig. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SLO | 0.42666 | −0.74026 | 0.5196 | 0.0555 | *** |
ASP | −0.37318 | 0.9276 | −0.0172 | 0.0066 | |
pH | −0.62133 | −0.60665 | 0.49591 | 0.0638 | *** |
SOC | 0.78589 | −0.5409 | 0.29968 | 0.1433 | *** |
CLAY | −0.70942 | 0.43705 | −0.55291 | 0.0683 | *** |
MAP | −0.54291 | 0.65618 | −0.5241 | 0.2529 | *** |
PS | −0.54955 | 0.64886 | −0.52629 | 0.2519 | *** |
PDDQ | 0.9985 | 0.03482 | −0.04221 | 0.339 | *** |
MAT | −0.54291 | 0.65618 | −0.5241 | 0.2529 | *** |
TS | 0.57428 | −0.62104 | 0.5334 | 0.247 | *** |
ATR | 0.05566 | −0.83101 | 0.55346 | 0.0727 | *** |
NMDS1 | NMDS2 | NMDS3 | R2 | Sig. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SLO | −0.76683 | 0.59566 | 0.2391 | 0.0151 | |
ASP | 0.43146 | −0.00711 | −0.9021 | 0.0113 | |
pH | −0.75107 | 0.38142 | −0.5389 | 0.0755 | *** |
SOC | −0.82969 | 0.55289 | 0.07702 | 0.0546 | *** |
CLAY | 0.36213 | −0.65509 | 0.66311 | 0.0471 | *** |
MAP | 0.74656 | −0.66485 | −0.025 | 0.2172 | *** |
PS | 0.74467 | −0.66706 | −0.02217 | 0.2169 | *** |
PDDQ | 0.91827 | −0.19537 | −0.34439 | 0.0985 | *** |
MAT | 0.74656 | −0.66485 | −0.025 | 0.2172 | *** |
TS | −0.73912 | 0.67342 | 0.01429 | 0.2147 | *** |
ATR | −0.67807 | 0.53506 | −0.50392 | 0.076 | *** |
NMDS1 | NMDS2 | NMDS3 | R2 | Sig. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SLO | −0.74704 | 0.50272 | −0.43498 | 0.3924 | *** |
ASP | 0.23851 | 0.9665 | 0.09485 | 0.1997 | * |
pH | 0.30578 | −0.3475 | 0.88642 | 0.1208 | |
SOC | 0.3167 | 0.93433 | 0.16345 | 0.1435 | |
CLAY | 0.14245 | −0.40642 | −0.90251 | 0.2033 | * |
MAP | −0.95143 | −0.24625 | −0.18479 | 0.1819 | * |
PS | −0.95119 | −0.24656 | −0.18561 | 0.1863 | * |
PDDQ | −0.89765 | 0.19586 | 0.39479 | 0.4783 | *** |
MAT | −0.95143 | −0.24625 | −0.18479 | 0.1819 | * |
TS | 0.95027 | 0.24927 | 0.1867 | 0.2018 | * |
ATR | −0.61199 | 0.26856 | −0.74388 | 0.2069 | * |
NMDS1 | NMDS2 | NMDS3 | R2 | Sig. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SLO | −0.54039 | 0.72322 | 0.43003 | 0.4149 | |
ASP | −0.79849 | 0.55701 | 0.22835 | 0.4858 | |
pH | 0.17027 | 0.98087 | −0.09433 | 0.5722 | * |
SOC | −0.53162 | −0.48507 | 0.69432 | 0.6225 | * |
CLAY | 0.82789 | −0.04841 | −0.5588 | 0.5 | |
MAP | 0.91181 | 0.39878 | 0.09785 | 0.8046 | ** |
PS | 0.91366 | 0.39246 | 0.10585 | 0.8042 | ** |
PDDQ | 0.05629 | 0.94495 | −0.32234 | 0.527 | |
MAT | 0.91181 | 0.39878 | 0.09785 | 0.8046 | ** |
TS | −0.92148 | −0.35821 | −0.1502 | 0.8029 | ** |
ATR | −0.07841 | −0.99523 | 0.05796 | 0.5077 |
Alliance Group Number | 1 | 2 | 3 |
---|---|---|---|
Number of plots | 462 | 46 | 14 |
Schima wallichii | 87 | 20 | 7 |
Camellia crassicolumna | 1 | 9 | 86 |
Castanopsis remotidenticulata | 0 | 4 | 86 |
Laurocerasus phaeosticta | 1 | 4 | 79 |
Rehderodendron macrocarpum | 2 | 11 | 79 |
Acer sinense | 0 | 7 | 71 |
Camellia tsaii | 2 | 4 | 71 |
Castanopsis ceratacantha | 4 | 67 | 0 |
Laurocerasus undulata | 2 | 7 | 57 |
Castanopsis echidnocarpa | 57 | 2 | 0 |
Lithocarpus fenestratus | 54 | 22 | 14 |
Camellia tsingpienensis var. tsingpienensis | 0 | 0 | 50 |
Litsea honghoensis | 0 | 0 | 50 |
Manglietia insignis | 1 | 2 | 50 |
Viburnum trabeculosum | 0 | 2 | 50 |
Anneslea fragrans | 45 | 2 | 0 |
Eurya groffii | 43 | 17 | 50 |
Alcimandra cathcartii | 2 | 4 | 43 |
Beilschmiedia fasciata | 1 | 9 | 43 |
Euonymus laxiflorus | 1 | 2 | 43 |
Lithocarpus fordianus | 1 | 0 | 43 |
Michelia floribunda | 5 | 4 | 43 |
Styrax grandiflorus | 1 | 4 | 43 |
Lithocarpus truncatus | 41 | 9 | 0 |
Castanopsis fissa | 0 | 41 | 0 |
Castanopsis calathiformis | 39 | 11 | 0 |
Lithocarpus hancei | 2 | 37 | 57 |
Castanopsis lamontii | 0 | 0 | 36 |
Erythroxylum sinensis | 1 | 13 | 36 |
Schefflera hoi | 2 | 4 | 36 |
Aporusa villosa | 34 | 0 | 0 |
Rapanea neriifolia | 32 | 0 | 0 |
Castanopsis hystrix | 31 | 4 | 0 |
Lindera metcalfiana | 10 | 30 | 7 |
Machilus rufipes | 17 | 30 | 29 |
Cerasus pseudocerasus | 0 | 2 | 29 |
Elaeocarpus decipiens | 4 | 11 | 29 |
Elaeocarpus limitaneus | 1 | 7 | 29 |
Eurya loquaiana | 1 | 7 | 29 |
Rubus paniculatus | 0 | 7 | 29 |
Symplocos spectabilis | 0 | 0 | 29 |
Symplocos sumuntia | 1 | 11 | 29 |
Betula alnoides | 28 | 11 | 0 |
Manglietia fordiana | 0 | 28 | 0 |
Beilschmiedia glauca var. glaucoides | 1 | 26 | 0 |
Eurya tetragonoclada | 0 | 26 | 7 |
Alliance Number | 1_1 | 1_2 | 1_3 | 1_4 | 1_5 | 1_6 | 1_7 | 1_8 | 1_9 | 1_10 | 1_11 | 1_12 | 1_13 | 1_14 | 1_15 | 1_16 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of plots | 173 | 51 | 42 | 40 | 33 | 31 | 28 | 19 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 3 |
Anneslea fragrans | 62 | 37 | 24 | 70 | 27 | 32 | 25 | 32 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 100 | 20 | 0 | 100 | 0 |
Aporusa villosa | 53 | 41 | 7 | 20 | 15 | 19 | 29 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 80 | 40 | 75 | 100 | 0 |
Castanopsis calathiformis | 39 | 25 | 31 | 63 | 18 | 100 | 54 | 11 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Castanopsis echidnocarpa | 100 | 41 | 26 | 50 | 33 | 32 | 14 | 11 | 33 | 25 | 0 | 60 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 33 |
Castanopsis ferox | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 9 | 13 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 |
Castanopsis fleuryi | 15 | 8 | 24 | 100 | 15 | 35 | 0 | 32 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 0 |
Castanopsis hystrix | 44 | 100 | 2 | 8 | 0 | 3 | 7 | 0 | 44 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 33 |
Castanopsis mekongensis | 20 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Castanopsis wattii | 4 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 21 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Cyclobalanopsis kerrii | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Cyclobalanopsis myrsinaefolia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 0 |
Lithocarpus elegans | 10 | 10 | 10 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
Lithocarpus truncatus | 44 | 41 | 31 | 60 | 18 | 42 | 39 | 100 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 80 | 20 | 25 | 25 | 0 |
Phyllanthus emblica | 12 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 9 | 3 | 29 | 11 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 100 | 20 | 25 | 50 | 33 |
Schima wallichii | 83 | 90 | 86 | 100 | 100 | 84 | 96 | 68 | 89 | 75 | 71 | 60 | 80 | 100 | 50 | 100 |
Styrax tonkinensis | 21 | 29 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 29 | 0 | 11 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 25 | 25 | 0 |
Trigonobalanus doichangensis | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 |
Vaccinium exaristatum | 25 | 20 | 5 | 8 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Wendlandia tinctoria ssp. intermedia | 30 | 10 | 12 | 25 | 15 | 19 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 40 | 25 | 75 | 67 |
Wendlandia uvariifolia ssp. uvariifolia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 |
Lithocarpus fenestratus | 51 | 55 | 98 | 55 | 24 | 61 | 64 | 53 | 0 | 75 | 14 | 60 | 20 | 50 | 25 | 0 |
Castanopsis tcheponensis | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 86 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Engelhardtia spicata | 16 | 12 | 14 | 15 | 9 | 6 | 18 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 86 | 60 | 0 | 25 | 25 | 0 |
Aporusa villosa | 53 | 41 | 7 | 20 | 15 | 19 | 29 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 80 | 40 | 75 | 100 | 0 |
Castanopsis indica | 9 | 14 | 2 | 0 | 18 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 80 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Glochidion lanceolarium | 16 | 16 | 5 | 30 | 12 | 19 | 18 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 80 | 0 | 25 | 25 | 0 |
Syzygium szemaoense | 14 | 10 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 75 | 0 |
Wendlandia tinctoria ssp. intermedia | 30 | 10 | 12 | 25 | 15 | 19 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 40 | 25 | 75 | 67 |
Betula alnoides | 25 | 22 | 38 | 28 | 55 | 39 | 14 | 21 | 44 | 13 | 71 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 33 |
Lindera caudata | 12 | 6 | 12 | 18 | 9 | 19 | 11 | 16 | 11 | 0 | 71 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 25 | 0 |
Litsea lancifolia | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 71 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Eurya groffii | 42 | 25 | 36 | 55 | 55 | 71 | 36 | 68 | 33 | 50 | 29 | 40 | 0 | 50 | 25 | 0 |
Anneslea fragrans | 62 | 37 | 24 | 70 | 27 | 32 | 25 | 32 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 100 | 20 | 0 | 100 | 0 |
Eurya groffii | 42 | 25 | 36 | 55 | 55 | 71 | 36 | 68 | 33 | 50 | 29 | 40 | 0 | 50 | 25 | 0 |
Anneslea fragrans var. fragrans | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 67 |
Diospyros kaki var. sylvestris | 8 | 2 | 24 | 5 | 12 | 16 | 4 | 11 | 33 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 67 |
Itea macrophylla | 15 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 12 | 10 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 67 |
Machilus pingii | 3 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 67 |
Syzygium leptanthum | 0 | 2 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 67 |
Toxicodendron succedaneum | 19 | 18 | 17 | 13 | 21 | 13 | 4 | 0 | 67 | 38 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 |
Wendlandia pendula | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 67 |
Castanopsis calathiformis | 39 | 25 | 31 | 63 | 18 | 100 | 54 | 11 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Phoebe puwenensis | 23 | 12 | 12 | 0 | 15 | 23 | 57 | 21 | 22 | 63 | 14 | 0 | 20 | 50 | 0 | 33 |
Anneslea fragrans | 62 | 37 | 24 | 70 | 27 | 32 | 25 | 32 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 100 | 20 | 0 | 100 | 0 |
Aporusa yunnanensis | 23 | 31 | 7 | 3 | 6 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 60 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 |
Artocarpus tonkinensis | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Canarium subulatum | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Choerospondias axillaris | 1 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Craibiodendron stellatum | 8 | 4 | 5 | 23 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60 | 20 | 0 | 25 | 0 |
Dalbergia fusca | 6 | 10 | 5 | 8 | 6 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60 | 40 | 25 | 0 | 0 |
Engelhardtia serrata | 18 | 6 | 5 | 10 | 9 | 3 | 7 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 33 |
Engelhardtia spicata | 16 | 12 | 14 | 15 | 9 | 6 | 18 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 86 | 60 | 0 | 25 | 25 | 0 |
Ficus racemosa | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60 | 25 | 0 | 0 |
Lithocarpus truncatus | 44 | 41 | 31 | 60 | 18 | 42 | 39 | 100 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 80 | 20 | 25 | 25 | 0 |
Spondias pinnat | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Myrica esculenta | 12 | 8 | 40 | 58 | 15 | 29 | 7 | 53 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Allomorphia balansae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 57 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Phoebe puwenensis | 23 | 12 | 12 | 0 | 15 | 23 | 57 | 21 | 22 | 63 | 14 | 0 | 20 | 50 | 0 | 33 |
Betula alnoides | 25 | 22 | 38 | 28 | 55 | 39 | 14 | 21 | 44 | 13 | 71 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 33 |
Myrica esculenta | 12 | 8 | 40 | 58 | 15 | 29 | 7 | 53 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Aporusa villosa | 53 | 41 | 7 | 20 | 15 | 19 | 29 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 80 | 40 | 75 | 100 | 0 |
Rapanea neriifolia | 52 | 31 | 26 | 30 | 15 | 13 | 11 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 40 | 25 | 0 | 0 |
Albizia kalkora | 3 | 10 | 10 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 11 | 5 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 50 | 0 | 0 |
Cinnamomum bejolghota | 5 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 |
Craspedolobium schochii | 17 | 27 | 2 | 20 | 9 | 3 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Dalbergia polyadelpha | 3 | 4 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 |
Diospyros kaki | 3 | 4 | 7 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 |
Gnetum montanum | 14 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 20 | 20 | 25 | 50 | 0 |
Helicia nilagirica | 15 | 6 | 31 | 50 | 9 | 42 | 14 | 47 | 0 | 13 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 67 |
Macaranga denticulata | 4 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 15 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 50 | 0 | 0 |
Machilus robusta | 10 | 8 | 7 | 13 | 12 | 13 | 32 | 5 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Mallotus philippensis | 5 | 6 | 7 | 0 | 6 | 6 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 40 | 20 | 50 | 0 | 0 |
Micromelum integerrimum | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 |
Phoebe lanceolata | 12 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 50 | 0 | 0 |
Ternstroemia simaoensis | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 |
Helicia nilagirica | 15 | 6 | 31 | 50 | 9 | 42 | 14 | 47 | 0 | 13 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 67 |
Lindera metcalfiana | 13 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 12 | 6 | 18 | 0 | 44 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Castanopsis hystrix | 44 | 100 | 2 | 8 | 0 | 3 | 7 | 0 | 44 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 33 |
Alniphyllum fortunei | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 43 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Ilex chapaensis | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 43 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Itea indochinensis var. pubinervia | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 43 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Macaranga tanarius | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 43 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Schefflera hoi | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 43 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Helicia nilagirica | 15 | 6 | 31 | 50 | 9 | 42 | 14 | 47 | 0 | 13 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 67 |
Myrica esculenta | 12 | 8 | 40 | 58 | 15 | 29 | 7 | 53 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Bauhinia acuminata | 1 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Dalbergia fusca | 6 | 10 | 5 | 8 | 6 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60 | 40 | 25 | 0 | 0 |
Dalbergia pinnata | 2 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 9 | 10 | 4 | 5 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Elaeocarpus rugosus | 3 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 13 | 0 | 40 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 |
Erythrina variegata | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Machilus fasciculata | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Mallotus philippensis | 5 | 6 | 7 | 0 | 6 | 6 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 40 | 20 | 50 | 0 | 0 |
Millettia velutina | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Radermachera microcalyx | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Syzygium leptanthum | 0 | 2 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 67 |
Castanopsis delavayi | 0 | 0 | 38 | 3 | 6 | 10 | 0 | 32 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Lyonia doyonensis | 3 | 0 | 14 | 38 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Lyonia ovalifolia | 5 | 4 | 14 | 38 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Schefflera delavayi | 6 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 7 | 11 | 0 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Actinodaphne henryi | 12 | 29 | 2 | 0 | 9 | 3 | 36 | 5 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Vernonia volkameriifolia | 6 | 20 | 12 | 10 | 6 | 10 | 36 | 11 | 0 | 25 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 33 |
Canthium horridum | 21 | 35 | 7 | 3 | 9 | 6 | 32 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 20 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Arthraxon nudus | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 33 |
Castanopsis argyrophylla | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 33 |
Diospyros kaki var. sylvestris | 8 | 2 | 24 | 5 | 12 | 16 | 4 | 11 | 33 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 67 |
Lindera kariensis f. glabrescens | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 33 |
Olea laxiflora | 1 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 33 |
Symplocos racemosa | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 33 |
Tarennoidea wallichii | 27 | 33 | 14 | 5 | 12 | 0 | 21 | 11 | 0 | 13 | 14 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 25 | 0 |
Canthium horridum | 21 | 35 | 7 | 3 | 9 | 6 | 32 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 20 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Idesia polycarpa | 3 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 10 | 32 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Machilus robusta | 10 | 8 | 7 | 13 | 12 | 13 | 32 | 5 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Phoebe tavoyana | 5 | 27 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 3 | 32 | 5 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Castanopsis delavayi | 0 | 0 | 38 | 3 | 6 | 10 | 0 | 32 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Aporusa yunnanensis | 23 | 31 | 7 | 3 | 6 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 60 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 |
Aporusa dioica | 18 | 10 | 5 | 20 | 30 | 10 | 4 | 0 | 22 | 13 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 33 |
Wendlandia tinctoria ssp. intermedia | 30 | 10 | 12 | 25 | 15 | 19 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 40 | 25 | 75 | 67 |
Glochidion lanceolarium | 16 | 16 | 5 | 30 | 12 | 19 | 18 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 80 | 0 | 25 | 25 | 0 |
Wendlandia uvariifolia | 14 | 10 | 14 | 30 | 3 | 13 | 7 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 |
Actinodaphne henryi | 12 | 29 | 2 | 0 | 9 | 3 | 36 | 5 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Styrax tonkinensis | 21 | 29 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 29 | 0 | 11 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 25 | 25 | 0 |
Aralia armata | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Castanopsis ferox | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 9 | 13 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 |
Cyclobalanopsis rex | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Evodia lepta | 3 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 9 | 6 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Maesa perlarius | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Phoebe macrocarpa | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Phyllanthus emblica | 12 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 9 | 3 | 29 | 11 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 100 | 20 | 25 | 50 | 33 |
Wendlandia bouvardioides | 5 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 6 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Litsea garrettii | 28 | 16 | 2 | 10 | 12 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 33 |
Paramichelia baillonii | 28 | 22 | 5 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 16 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 20 | 20 | 25 | 0 | 0 |
Vaccinium mandarinorum | 10 | 10 | 14 | 28 | 0 | 16 | 4 | 16 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 |
Craspedolobium schochii | 17 | 27 | 2 | 20 | 9 | 3 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Phoebe tavoyana | 5 | 27 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 3 | 32 | 5 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Lindera metcalfiana var. dictyophylla | 7 | 4 | 12 | 15 | 27 | 19 | 0 | 16 | 22 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 33 |
Tarennoidea wallichii | 27 | 33 | 14 | 5 | 12 | 0 | 21 | 11 | 0 | 13 | 14 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 25 | 0 |
Vaccinium exaristatum | 25 | 20 | 5 | 8 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Acrocarpus fraxinifolius | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 |
Actinodaphne forrestii | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 |
Albizia julibrissin | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 18 | 5 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 20 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Artocarpus chama | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 |
Arytera littoralis | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 |
Beilschmiedia glauca var. glaucoides | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Bischofia javanica | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 |
Cinnamomum bejolghota | 5 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 |
Cinnamomum subavenium | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 |
Clausena excavata | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 |
Cyclobalanopsis gambleana | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 |
Diplospora dubia | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 |
Diplospora mollissima | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 |
Duabanga grandiflora | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 |
Eberhardtia aurata | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 |
Elaeocarpus braceanus | 2 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Ficus auriculata | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 |
Ficus cyrtophylla | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 25 | 0 | 0 |
Ficus henryi | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Ficus racemosa | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60 | 25 | 0 | 0 |
Fissistigma minuticalyx | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Magnolia henryi | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 |
Mallotus tetracoccus | 1 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 |
Osyris wightiana | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 |
Pterospermum acerifolium | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 |
Pygeum topengii | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Saurauia napaulensis | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 |
Spatholobus suberectus | 8 | 4 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Streblus indicus | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 25 | 0 | 0 |
Symplocos cochinchinensis | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Tetrastigma cauliflorum | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 |
Toddalia asiatica | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 25 | 0 | 0 |
Ulmus lanceaefolia | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 |
Vitex quinata | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 25 | 0 | 0 |
Xylosma longifolium | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 |
Alliance Number | 2_1 | 2_2 | 2_3 | 2_4 | 2_5 | 2_6 |
Alliance number | 18 | 10 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 |
Beilschmiedia glauca var. glaucoides | 11 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Castanopsis boisii | 0 | 0 | 100 | 40 | 0 | 33 |
Castanopsis ceratacantha | 100 | 60 | 17 | 40 | 75 | 33 |
Castanopsis fabri | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 0 |
Castanopsis fissa | 56 | 0 | 17 | 100 | 0 | 100 |
Eurya tetragonoclada | 33 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 100 |
Helicia pyrrhobotrya | 6 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Lithocarpus hancei | 39 | 60 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 100 |
Parakmeria yunnanensis | 11 | 0 | 33 | 0 | 100 | 67 |
Eberhardtia aurata | 6 | 90 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Manglietia fordiana | 22 | 90 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Elaeocarpus braceanus | 11 | 80 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Lindera caudata | 11 | 0 | 50 | 80 | 0 | 67 |
Acanthopanax trifoliatus | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 75 | 0 |
Alniphyllum fortunei | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 75 | 0 |
Beilschmiedia purpurascens | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 75 | 0 |
Cyclobalanopsis augustinii | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 75 | 0 |
Elaeocarpus decipiens | 6 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 75 | 0 |
Evodia glabrifolia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 75 | 0 |
Sloanea leptocarpa | 22 | 0 | 33 | 20 | 75 | 33 |
Castanopsis rockii | 6 | 70 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Celastrus monospermus | 6 | 70 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Laurocerasus jenkinsii | 6 | 70 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Sterculia lanceolata | 0 | 70 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Castanopsis concinna | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 67 |
Eberhardtia tonkinensis | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 67 |
Elaeocarpus sylvestris | 6 | 0 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 67 |
Euonymus nitidus | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 67 |
Helicia cochinchinensis | 11 | 0 | 67 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Kadsura coccinea | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 67 |
Lithocarpus fenestratus | 22 | 0 | 67 | 40 | 0 | 0 |
Lithocarpus truncatus | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 67 |
Neolitsea homilantha | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 67 |
Symplocos glandulifera | 17 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 67 |
Bauhinia chalcophylla | 0 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Ilex corallina | 6 | 0 | 17 | 60 | 0 | 0 |
Lithocarpus harlandii | 0 | 0 | 33 | 60 | 25 | 0 |
Macaranga henryi | 11 | 0 | 33 | 60 | 0 | 0 |
Machilus rufipes | 33 | 60 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 33 |
Adinandra glischroloma | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 |
Bridelia insulana | 6 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Camellia crassicolumna | 6 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Cinnamomum iners | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Cylindrokelupha balansae | 6 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 50 | 0 |
Litsea chunii var. latifolia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 |
Machilus verruculosa | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 |
Meliosma squamulata | 6 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Miliusa sinensis | 6 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Rhamnus davurica | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 |
Diplospora fruticosa | 0 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Fissistigma minuticalyx | 0 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Michelia figo | 0 | 0 | 0 | 40 | 0 | 0 |
Schefflera chinensis | 6 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Styrax grandiflorus | 0 | 0 | 0 | 40 | 0 | 0 |
Acer crassum | 0 | 0 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Acer sinense | 6 | 0 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Castanopsis jucunda | 0 | 0 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Cleyera japonica var. lipingensis | 0 | 0 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Cyclobalanopsis kontumensis | 0 | 0 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Elaeocarpus limitaneus | 0 | 0 | 33 | 20 | 0 | 0 |
Exbucklandia populnea | 0 | 0 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 33 |
Garcinia multiflora | 0 | 0 | 33 | 20 | 0 | 0 |
Litsea monopetala | 0 | 10 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Vaccinium duclouxii | 0 | 0 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Vaccinium iteophyllum | 0 | 0 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Camellia cordifolia | 0 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Laurocerasus undulata | 0 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Lithocarpus pseudoreinwardii | 0 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Neolitsea levinei | 0 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Phoebe puwenensis | 6 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Alliance Number | 3_1 | 3_2 |
---|---|---|
Alliance number | 9 | 5 |
Castanopsis lamontii | 0 | 100 |
Euonymus laxiflorus | 11 | 100 |
Eurya groffii | 22 | 100 |
Manglietia insignis | 22 | 100 |
Viburnum trabeculosum | 22 | 100 |
Erythroxylum sinensis | 11 | 80 |
Eurya loquaiana | 0 | 80 |
Alcimandra cathcartii | 67 | 0 |
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Environmental Type | Environmental Factors | Methods | Abbreviation |
---|---|---|---|
Topographic | Slope (°) | Measured value | SLO |
Aspect | Standardized measured values | ASP | |
Soil | pH value | www.isric.org/explore/soilgrids (accessed on 21 Sep-tember 2024) | pH |
Soil organic carbon (%) | SOC | ||
Clay content (%) | CLAY | ||
Precipitation | Mean annual precipitation (mm) | Thin plate smoothing spline interpolation | MAP |
Precipitation seasonality | PS | ||
Precipitation days in the driest quarter (d) | PDDQ | ||
Temperature | Mean annual temperature (°C) | Thin plate smoothing spline interpolation | MAT |
Temperature seasonality | TS | ||
Annual temperature range (°C) | ATR |
Life Form | No. of Family | No. of Genus | No. of Species |
---|---|---|---|
All species | 186 | 968 | 3517 |
Tree | 87 | 313 | 1137 |
Shrub | 94 | 363 | 1161 |
Herb | 102 | 424 | 1219 |
ID/Alliance Group | ID/Alliance | Number of Plots | % |
1. Castanopsis–Schima (Lithocarpus) Forest Alliance Group | 1_1 Cas. echidnocarpa + S. wallichii Forest Alliance | 173 | 33.14 |
1_2 Cas. hystrix + S. wallichii Forest Alliance | 51 | 9.77 | |
1_3 L. fenestratus + S. wallichii Forest Alliance | 42 | 8.05 | |
1_4 Cas. fleuryi + Cas. calathiformis Forest Alliance | 40 | 7.66 | |
1_5 S. wallichii + Aporusa dioica Forest Alliance | 33 | 6.32 | |
1_6 Cas. calathiformis + S. wallichii Forest Alliance | 31 | 5.94 | |
1_7 Ca. mekongensis + S. wallichii Forest Alliance | 28 | 5.36 | |
1_8 L. truncatus + S. wallichii Forest Alliance | 19 | 3.64 | |
1_9 Cas. wattii + S. wallichii Forest Alliance | 9 | 1.72 | |
1_10 Cas. ferox + S. wallichii Forest Alliance | 8 | 1.53 | |
1_11 Cas. tcheponensis + S. wallichii Forest Alliance | 7 | 1.34 | |
1_12 Cyclobalanopsis kerrii + Cas. echidnocarpa Forest Alliance | 5 | 0.96 | |
1_13 Cas. indica + Styrax tonkinensis Forest Alliance | 5 | 0.96 | |
1_14 L. elegans + S. wallichii Forest Alliance | 4 | 0.77 | |
1_15 Cyclobalanopsis myrsinaefolia + Cas. fleuryi Forest Alliance | 4 | 0.77 | |
1_16 Trigonobalanus doichangensis + Cas. hystrix Forest Alliance | 3 | 0.57 | |
2. Castanopsis–Machilus (Beilschmiedia) Forest Alliance Group | 2_1 Cas. ceratacantha + Cas. fissa Forest Alliance | 18 | 3.45 |
2_2 B. glauca var. glaucoides + Helicia pyrrhobotrya Forest Alliance | 10 | 1.92 | |
2_3 Cas. boisii + Helicia cochinchinensis Forest Alliance | 6 | 1.15 | |
2_4 Cas. fissa + M. rufipes Forest Alliance | 5 | 0.96 | |
2_5 Cas. fabri + Parakmeria yunnanensis Forest Alliance | 4 | 0.77 | |
2_6 Cas. concinna + Cas. fissa Forest Alliance | 3 | 0.57 | |
3. Castanopsis–Camellia Forest Alliance Group | 3_1 Cas. remotidenticulata + Rehderodendron macrocarpum Fores Alliance | 9 | 1.72 |
3_2 Cas. lamontii + Cam. sp. Forest Alliance | 5 | 0.96 |
Alliance Group | Species Richness | Tree Density (Individuals. hm−2) | Mean DBH (cm) | Canopy Height (m) | Canopy Coverage (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 55.56 ± 1.38 a | 2720.31 ± 68.28 a | 12.79 ± 0.17 a | 19.00 ± 0.26 a | 72.55 ± 0.63 a |
2 | 73.13 ± 4.06 b | 2924.82 ± 241.24 a | 11.35 ± 0.36 b | 21.24 ± 0.88 b | 70.48 ± 1.87 a |
3 | 102.43 ± 4.09 c | 3407.33 ± 425.64 a | 13.27 ± 0.50 ab | 17.36 ± 0.48 ab | 72.50 ± 2.77 a |
Alliance Group | MAP | PS | PDDQ | MAT | TS | ATR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1096.78 ± 2.10 a | 77.69 ± 0.05 a | 22.26 ± 0.31 a | 17.63 ± 0.07 a | 26.09 ± 0.12 a | 28.60 ± 0.08 a |
2 | 1050.86 ± 4.97 b | 76.70 ± 0.11 b | 41.21 ± 1.66 b | 16.11 ± 0.16 b | 28.76 ± 0.33 b | 29.98 ± 0.46 b |
3 | 1008.85 ± 5.52 c | 75.76 ± 0.13 c | 44.15 ± 0.06 b | 14.72 ± 0.20 c | 31.69 ± 0.45 c | 28.31 ± 0.04 a |
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Yang, T.; Wang, X.; Rao, J.; Li, S.; Li, R.; Du, F.; Zhang, C.; Tian, X.; Liu, W.; Duan, J.; et al. Moisture Seasonality Dominates the Plant Community Differentiation in Monsoon Evergreen Broad-Leaved Forests of Yunnan, China. Forests 2025, 16, 1167. https://doi.org/10.3390/f16071167
Yang T, Wang X, Rao J, Li S, Li R, Du F, Zhang C, Tian X, Liu W, Duan J, et al. Moisture Seasonality Dominates the Plant Community Differentiation in Monsoon Evergreen Broad-Leaved Forests of Yunnan, China. Forests. 2025; 16(7):1167. https://doi.org/10.3390/f16071167
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Tao, Xiaofeng Wang, Jiesheng Rao, Shuaifeng Li, Rong Li, Fan Du, Can Zhang, Xi Tian, Wencong Liu, Jianghua Duan, and et al. 2025. "Moisture Seasonality Dominates the Plant Community Differentiation in Monsoon Evergreen Broad-Leaved Forests of Yunnan, China" Forests 16, no. 7: 1167. https://doi.org/10.3390/f16071167
APA StyleYang, T., Wang, X., Rao, J., Li, S., Li, R., Du, F., Zhang, C., Tian, X., Liu, W., Duan, J., Yu, H., Su, J., & Shen, Z. (2025). Moisture Seasonality Dominates the Plant Community Differentiation in Monsoon Evergreen Broad-Leaved Forests of Yunnan, China. Forests, 16(7), 1167. https://doi.org/10.3390/f16071167