Leachability of Fast-Growing Wood Impregnated with Low Concentrations of Furfuryl Alcohol
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Methods
2.2.1. Leaching Procedure
2.2.2. Analysis of Leachates
2.2.3. Morphology and Microstructure
2.2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Analysis of the WPG and BC of Furfurylated Wood
3.2. Analysis of Leachate
3.3. Analysis of Leached Water from Furfurylated Wood
3.4. Morphology and Microstructure
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | FA Concentration | 0% | 5% | 10% | 15% | 20% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chinese fir | abbreviation | CTRL | FW11 | FW27 | FW42 | FW54 |
WPG | −0.15 e (0.08) | 11.69 d (0.01) | 27.96 c (0.02) | 42.38 b (0.05) | 54.15 a (0.04) | |
BC | −0.20 e (0.14) | 5.47 d (0.01) | 8.00 c (0.02) | 9.51 b (0.02) | 11.61 a (0.03) | |
poplar | abbreviation | CTRL | PW9 | PW22 | PW31 | PW40 |
WPG | −0.37 e (0.01) | 9.41 d (0.01) | 22.07 c (0.02) | 31.40 b (0.04) | 40.98 a (0.05) | |
BC | −0.46 d (0.06) | 3.80 c (0.01) | 6.48 b (0.01) | 8.52 a (0.01) | 9.07 a (0.01) |
FA Concentration | 0% | 5% | 10% | 15% | 20% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chinese fir | MC | 294.10 a (0.24) | 225.07 b (0.13) | 150.86 b (0.20) | 105.53 d (0.13) | 85.20 e (0.13) |
V | 15.30 a (0.03) | 11.24 b (0.02) | 8.41 b (0.02) | 6.93 d (0.02) | 6.04 d (0.02) | |
poplar | MC | 196.81 a (0.24) | 167.65 b (0.11) | 141.53 b (0.10) | 115.68 d (0.10) | 100.16 e (0.09) |
V | 14.82 a (0.02) | 9.20 b (0.02) | 7.65 b (0.01) | 6.44 d (0.01) | 6.09 d (0.01) |
FA Concentration | 0% | 5% | 10% | 15% | 20% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chinese fir | MCWA | 243.96 a (0.34) | 201.38 b (0.14) | 179.00 c (0.11) | 164.36 b (0.12) | 138.09 e (0.08) |
VWA | 15.55 a (0.03) | 11.15 b (0.02) | 7.76 c (0.03) | 6.90 cd (0.01) | 5.89 d (0.01) | |
poplar | MCWA | 203.12 a (0.21) | 177.15 b (0.16) | 154.59 c (0.13) | 125.95 d (0.10) | 113.77 e (0.12) |
VWA | 14.82 a (0.02) | 10.00 b (0.02) | 7.66 c (0.01) | 6.57 d (0.01) | 6.35 d (0.01) |
FA Concentration | 0% | 5% | 10% | 15% | 20% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chinese fir | ML | 0.77 e (0.02) | 31.28 a (0.05) | 12.99 b (0.11) | 8.00 c (0.11) | 4.98 d (0.05) |
VL | 2.28 c (0.01) | 4.50 a (0.02) | 3.88 b (0.02) | 3.80 ab (0.01) | 3.52 b (0.01) | |
poplar | ML | 1.52 ab (0.01) | 37.67 a (0.05) | 16.88 b (0.02) | 12.71 c (0.02) | 8.04 d (0.01) |
VL | 2.95 ab (0.02) | 1.68 c (0.01) | 2.41 bc (0.01) | 2.02 a (0.02) | 2.40 b (0.01) |
Sample | Chinese Fir | Poplar | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CTRL | FW11 | FW27 | FW42 | FW54 | CTRL | PW9 | PW22 | PW31 | PW40 | |
Water saturation | 0.05 | 3.426 | 0.800 | 0.608 | 0.514 | 0.240 | 2.080 | 1.277 | 0.773 | 0.486 |
12 h | 0.305 | 4.554 | 1.434 | 1.060 | 0.801 | 0.261 | 5.652 | 2.519 | 1.706 | 1.218 |
24 h | 0.156 | 2.393 | 0.724 | 0.671 | 0.510 | 0.181 | 2.514 | 1.673 | 1.359 | 0.713 |
48 h | 0.199 | 2.381 | 1.295 | 1.039 | 0.870 | 0.061 | 1.807 | 0.503 | 0.923 | 0.679 |
72 h | 0.124 | 1.801 | 1.104 | 0.939 | 0.808 | 0.073 | 1.370 | 0.676 | 0.540 | 0.513 |
96 h | 0.121 | 1.485 | 0.889 | 0.667 | 0.693 | 0.056 | 1.452 | 1.016 | 1.005 | 0.771 |
120 h | 0.068 | 1.220 | 0.760 | 0.516 | 0.419 | 0.031 | 0.964 | 0.651 | 0.574 | 0.269 |
168 h | 0.085 | 1.322 | 1.016 | 0.707 | 0.521 | 0.063 | 1.248 | 1.029 | 0.909 | 0.636 |
216 h | 0.062 | 0.915 | 0.708 | 0.456 | 0.348 | 0.011 | 1.653 | 0.887 | 0.673 | 0.651 |
264 h | 0.050 | 0.807 | 0.642 | 0.468 | 0.315 | 0.028 | 0.906 | 0.748 | 0.989 | 0.736 |
312 h | 0.071 | 0.628 | 0.522 | 0.498 | 0.395 | 0.053 | 0.989 | 0.716 | 0.757 | 0.595 |
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Sun, H.; Gong, Y.; Yan, Y.; Fu, C.; Zhan, K.; Dong, C.; Xie, L.; Chen, T. Leachability of Fast-Growing Wood Impregnated with Low Concentrations of Furfuryl Alcohol. Forests 2023, 14, 1901. https://doi.org/10.3390/f14091901
Sun H, Gong Y, Yan Y, Fu C, Zhan K, Dong C, Xie L, Chen T. Leachability of Fast-Growing Wood Impregnated with Low Concentrations of Furfuryl Alcohol. Forests. 2023; 14(9):1901. https://doi.org/10.3390/f14091901
Chicago/Turabian StyleSun, He, Yizhi Gong, Yuntian Yan, Changqing Fu, Ke Zhan, Chunlei Dong, Linkun Xie, and Taian Chen. 2023. "Leachability of Fast-Growing Wood Impregnated with Low Concentrations of Furfuryl Alcohol" Forests 14, no. 9: 1901. https://doi.org/10.3390/f14091901