Intsia bijuga Heartwood Extract and Its Phytosome as Tyrosinase Inhibitor, Antioxidant, and Sun Protector
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Extraction
2.2. Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and Total Flavonoid Content (TFC)
2.3. LC-MS/MS Analysis
2.4. Antioxidant Activity
2.5. Tyrosinase Inhibition Activity
2.6. SPF Value Determination
2.7. Phytosome-Extract Complexation
2.8. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy Analysis
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Yield, Bioactivity, and Phytochemical Profile of Extracts
3.2. Yield, Bioactivity, and Phytochemical Profile of Phytosome
3.3. The Correlation among Parameters
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Extracts | Yield (%) | TPC (GAE/g Extract) | TFC (QE/g Extract) |
---|---|---|---|
E100 | 12.81 ± 1.21 d | 1238.96 ± 3.61 a | 1.63 ± 0.00 c |
E75 | 16.13 ± 0.20 b | 859.80 ± 7.22 b | 2.53 ± 0.00 b |
E50 | 17.79 ± 0.48 a | 768.13 ± 10.83 c | 1.58 ± 0.004 d |
E25 | 14.69 ± 0.90 c | 570.21 ± 3.61 d | 0.71 ± 0.00 e |
E0 | 11.11 ± 0.36 e | 491.04 ± 7.22 e | 3.12 ± 0.02 a |
Extracts | IC50 (mg/L) | SPF Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Antioxidant | Antityrosinase | ||
E100 | 9.37 ± 0.11 b | 11.61 ± 0.17 b | 16.84 ± 0.01 a |
E75 | 8.17 ± 0.16 c | 11.17 ± 0.29 bc | 13.25 ± 0.13 b |
E50 | 5.68 ± 0.48 d | 10.36 ± 0.16 d | 12.36 ± 0.99 c |
E25 | 5.72 ± 0.11 d | 10.97 ± 0.27 c | 8.33 ± 0.1 d |
E0 | 6.07 ± 0.13 d | 11.23 ± 0.33 bc | 6.22 ± 0.04 e |
Positive control | * 9.78 ± 0.08 a | ** 31.33 ± 0.25 a | - |
Compound Name | Retention Time (min) | Compound Class | Relative Abundance (%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
E0 | E25 | E50 | E75 | E100 | |||
(-)-Robidanol | 4.787 | Flavonoid | 57.8 | 47.8 | 46.3 | 40.7 | 47.4 |
Robinetin | 6.250 | Flavonoid | 2.8 | 28.6 | 31.5 | 35.0 | 29.5 |
Catechin | 1.953 | Flavonoid | 20.8 | 3.9 | 4.6 | 4.0 | 4.8 |
Naringenin | 10.784 | Flavonoid | 0.6 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 3.3 |
Dihydromyricetin | 5.499 | Flavonoid | 1.4 | 4.6 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 1.9 |
Piceatannol | 6.737 | Stilbene | 0.1 | 2.9 | 1.8 | 2.4 | 2.4 |
Quercetin | 9.127 | Flavonoid | 0.1 | 1.0 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 1.4 |
Fustin | 7.470 | Flavonoid | 0.8 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.8 |
Extracts | Yield (%) | IC50 (mg/L) | SPF Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Antioxidant | Antityrosinase | |||
F1 | 69.87 ± 1.69 b | 15.27 ± 0.34 b | 33.40 ± 0.05 b | 28.13 ± 0.32 a |
F2 | 83.20 ± 1.17 a | 16.19 ± 0.35 a | 74.66 ± 1.08 a | 24.91 ± 0.11 b |
F3 | 76.02 ± 4.92 b | 15.03 ± 0.30 b | 33.36 ± 0.33 b | 27.78 ± 0.16 a |
Positive control | * 9.78 ± 0.08 | ** 25.56 ± 0.57 |
Compound/Parameter | DPPH | Tyrosinase Inhibition | SPF |
---|---|---|---|
(-)-Robidanol | 0.85 | 0.63 | 0.74 |
Robinetin | −0.85 | 0.7 | −0.75 |
Catechin | 0.77 | 0.65 | 0.71 |
Naringenin | −0.79 | −0.57 | −0.79 |
Dihydromyricetin | 0.11 | 0.14 | 0.00 |
Piceatannol | −0.54 | −0.38 | −0.66 |
Quercetin | −0.96 * | −0.79 | −0.73 |
Fustin | −0.77 | −0.45 | −0.87 |
TPC | 0.87 *** | 0.40 | 0.97 *** |
TFC | 0.14 | 0.24 | −0.21 |
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Sari, R.K.; Prayogo, Y.H.; Sari, R.A.L.; Asidah, N.; Rafi, M.; Wientarsih, I.; Darmawan, W. Intsia bijuga Heartwood Extract and Its Phytosome as Tyrosinase Inhibitor, Antioxidant, and Sun Protector. Forests 2021, 12, 1792. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12121792
Sari RK, Prayogo YH, Sari RAL, Asidah N, Rafi M, Wientarsih I, Darmawan W. Intsia bijuga Heartwood Extract and Its Phytosome as Tyrosinase Inhibitor, Antioxidant, and Sun Protector. Forests. 2021; 12(12):1792. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12121792
Chicago/Turabian StyleSari, Rita Kartika, Yanico Hadi Prayogo, Ratih Afrida Lismana Sari, Nur Asidah, Mohamad Rafi, Ietje Wientarsih, and Wayan Darmawan. 2021. "Intsia bijuga Heartwood Extract and Its Phytosome as Tyrosinase Inhibitor, Antioxidant, and Sun Protector" Forests 12, no. 12: 1792. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12121792