Valuation of Forest Ecosystem Services in Taiwan
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Research Area
2.2. Research Methods
2.3. Ecosystem Services Valuation
2.3.1. Water Conservation
2.3.2. Air Purification
2.3.3. Biodiversity
2.3.4. Soil Erosion Prevention
2.3.5. Forest Carbon Sequestration
2.3.6. Forest Recreation (Including Environmental Education)
3. Results
3.1. Value of Forest Water Conservation
3.2. Air Purification Value
3.3. Biodiversity Value
3.4. Soil Erosion Prevention Value
3.5. Forest Carbon Sequestration Value
3.6. Value of Forest Recreation (Including Environmental Education)
3.7. Results of Forest Ecosystem Service Valuation of Taiwan
4. Discussion
4.1. Research Limitations
4.2. Price Difference
4.3. Development for Biodiversity Assessment Methodology
4.4. Improve the Estimation of Soil Erosion
4.5. Eosystem Disservices (EDS)
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ecosystem Service | Valuation Method | Indicator | Unit Price |
---|---|---|---|
Forest water conservation | Market price-based approaches | Water conservation quantity(m3) | Shadow price of industrial water |
Air purification | Cost-based approaches | Removal of pollutants (kg) | Pollution control cost |
Biodiversity | Benefit transfer method | Protected area (ha) | Benefits of protected areas |
Soil loss prevention | Cost-based approaches | Soil loss (m3) | Costs of river dredging and reservoir dredging |
Forest carbon sequestration | Market price-based approaches | Carbon storage (t) | Carbon price |
Forest recreation/environmental education | Benefit transfer method | Forest recreation visits /Person-time of forest environmental education | Forest recreation price /Forest environmental education price |
Item | People/Year | Price | Benefit (NT Million) |
---|---|---|---|
Forest recreation (A) | 6,133,885 | 1449 1 | 8888 |
Environmental education (B) | 5,331,244 | 106.68 2 | 569 |
Forest recreation (including environmental education) (A + B) | 9457 |
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Lin, J.-C.; Chiou, C.-R.; Chan, W.-H.; Wu, M.-S. Valuation of Forest Ecosystem Services in Taiwan. Forests 2021, 12, 1694. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12121694
Lin J-C, Chiou C-R, Chan W-H, Wu M-S. Valuation of Forest Ecosystem Services in Taiwan. Forests. 2021; 12(12):1694. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12121694
Chicago/Turabian StyleLin, Jiunn-Cheng, Chyi-Rong Chiou, Wei-Hsun Chan, and Meng-Shan Wu. 2021. "Valuation of Forest Ecosystem Services in Taiwan" Forests 12, no. 12: 1694. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12121694