Importance of Temporal Scale in Assessing Changes in Soil-Water Storage in Apple Orchards on the Chinese Loess Plateau
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Precipitation
2.3. Measurement of Evapotranspiration
2.3.1. Transpiration
2.3.2. Soil Evaporation
2.3.3. Canopy Interception
2.4. Water-Balance Method
2.5. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Precipitation and Evapotranspiration at Different Scales
3.2. Changes in Soil-Water Storage at Different Scales
3.3. Comparison of Maximum Supplies of Water from Soil Reservoirs at Different Scales
4. Discussion
4.1. Changes in Soil-Water Storage at Different Scales
4.2. Comparison of Maximum Supply of Water from Soil Reservoirs at Different Scales
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Diameter Class | 8a | 18a | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Diameter (mm) | Number of Trees | Percentage (%) | Sample Trees | Diameter (mm) | Number of Trees | Percentage (%) | Sample Trees | |
1 | <90 | 11 | 13.8 | 1 | <130 | 24 | 30 | 2 |
2 | 90–100 | 17 | 21.3 | 2 | 130–140 | 17 | 21.3 | 2 |
3 | 100–110 | 17 | 21.3 | 2 | 140–150 | 16 | 20 | 2 |
4 | >110 | 35 | 43.8 | 3 | >150 | 23 | 28.7 | 2 |
Total | 80 | 100 | 8 | 80 | 100 | 8 |
Year | Tree Age | Maximum Water Supply (mm) | Relationship Amongst the Scales | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Daily Cumulative Scale | Monthly Scale | Annual Scale | |||
2013 | 8a | 64.0 | 40.9 | −47.3 | Daily cumulative > Monthly > Annual |
18a | 74.8 | 46.1 | −21.5 | Daily cumulative > Monthly > Annual | |
2014 | 8a | 134.3 | 64.6 | 34.6 | Daily cumulative > Monthly > Annual |
18a | 150.4 | 69.5 | 58.5 | Daily cumulative > Monthly > Annual | |
2015 | 8a | 42.5 | 59.5 | 17.8 | Monthly > Daily cumulative > Annual |
18a | 58.6 | 65.6 | 48.2 | Monthly > Daily cumulative > Annual | |
2016 | 8a | 45.0 | 31.7 | 17.5 | Daily cumulative > Monthly > Annual |
18a | 55.8 | 37.0 | 41.5 | Daily cumulative > Annual > Monthly |
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Mu, Y.; Wang, D.; Wang, Y. Importance of Temporal Scale in Assessing Changes in Soil-Water Storage in Apple Orchards on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Forests 2020, 11, 793. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11080793
Mu Y, Wang D, Wang Y. Importance of Temporal Scale in Assessing Changes in Soil-Water Storage in Apple Orchards on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Forests. 2020; 11(8):793. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11080793
Chicago/Turabian StyleMu, Yan, Di Wang, and Yanping Wang. 2020. "Importance of Temporal Scale in Assessing Changes in Soil-Water Storage in Apple Orchards on the Chinese Loess Plateau" Forests 11, no. 8: 793. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11080793