Pre-Plant Fumigation of Soils for Nematode Control Affects the Seedling Production and Morphological Properties of Pine and Larch Seedlings
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Site Description and Experimental Design
2.2. Soil Properties
2.3. Seedling Growth
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Changes in Soil Properties
3.2. Effects of Soil Sterilization on Growth and Quantities of Seedlings
4. Discussion
4.1. Effects of Soil Sterilization on Soil Properties
4.2. Effects of Soil Sterilization on the Quantity and Quality of the Seedlings
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Nematode Density | pH | OM (%) | TN (%) | AP (mg kg−1) | CEC (cmolc kg−1) | Exchangeable Cation (cmolc kg−1) | EC1:5 (dS m−1) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
K+ | Na+ | Ca2+ | Mg2+ | ||||||||
Control | 2527.6 | 5.85 | 1.71 | 0.115 | 352.7 | 7.47 | 0.474 | 0.144 | 2.853 | 0.441 | 1.078 |
(3019.9) | (0.55) | (0.09) | (0.006) | (34.6) | (0.59) | (0.105) | (0.017) | (0.403) | (0.116) | (0.454) | |
Treatment | 105.3 | 5.74 | 1.79 | 0.117 | 363.9 | 7.85 | 0.428 | 0.145 | 2.935 | 0.513 | 0.692 |
(409.2) | (0.28) | (0.15) | (0.008) | (30.7) | (0.69) | (0.077) | (0.036) | (0.332) | (0.114) | (0.341) | |
p-value | <0.001 | 0.334 | 0.024 | 0.057 | 0.203 | 0.030 | 0.067 | 0.887 | 0.410 | 0.022 | 0.001 |
Seedling Quantity | Height (cm) | RCD (mm) | H/D Ratio | DW of Needle (g) | DW of Stem (g) | DW of Shoot (g) | DW of Root (g) | Total DW (g) | S/R Ratio | SQI | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zucc. | Control | 1869.6 | 11.82 | 1.78 | 7.01 | 0.55 | 0.19 | 0.74 | 0.25 | 0.99 | 2.92 | 0.11 |
(480.6) | (2.99) | (0.53) | (2.18) | (0.28) | (0.10) | (0.38) | (0.10) | (0.47) | (1.16) | (0.06) | ||
Treatment | 2408.9 | 16.06 | 2.43 | 6.65 | 0.91 | 0.35 | 1.26 | 0.35 | 1.62 | 3.76 | 0.16 | |
(253.9) | (2.19) | (0.31) | (0.85) | (0.19) | (0.08) | (0.27) | (0.13) | (0.37) | (0.84) | (0.05) | ||
p-value | 0.001 | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.576 | 0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.025 | 0.001 | 0.036 | 0.016 | |
Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carrière | Control | 2196.4 | 15.14 | 1.72 | 8.80 | 0.49 | 0.17 | 0.66 | 0.15 | 0.80 | 4.89 | 0.06 |
(902.7) | (1.36) | (0.15) | (0.57) | (0.08) | (0.03) | (0.11) | (0.07) | (0.14) | (1.27) | (0.01) | ||
Treatment | 2392.9 | 18.77 | 2.06 | 9.21 | 0.58 | 0.20 | 0.78 | 0.17 | 0.95 | 4.84 | 0.07 | |
(385.7) | (3.18) | (0.40) | (0.74) | (0.16) | (0.05) | (0.21) | (0.08) | (0.28) | (0.85) | (0.02) | ||
p-value | 0.464 | 0.001 | 0.011 | 0.112 | 0.081 | 0.033 | 0.060 | 0.417 | 0.089 | 0.910 | 0.234 |
Species | Dependent Variable | Regression Equation | R2 | F-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
P. densiflora | Seedling quality index | = 0.191 + (−0.066 × EC1:5) | 0.334 | 13.041 (p = 0.001) |
L. kaempferi | Seedling quality index | = 0.091 + (−0.030 × EC1:5) | 0.282 | 10.190 (p = 0.004) |
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Cha, S.; Kim, J.; Choi, I.G.; Choi, J.; Han, H.; Koo, N.; Kim, Y.S. Pre-Plant Fumigation of Soils for Nematode Control Affects the Seedling Production and Morphological Properties of Pine and Larch Seedlings. Forests 2019, 10, 843. https://doi.org/10.3390/f10100843
Cha S, Kim J, Choi IG, Choi J, Han H, Koo N, Kim YS. Pre-Plant Fumigation of Soils for Nematode Control Affects the Seedling Production and Morphological Properties of Pine and Larch Seedlings. Forests. 2019; 10(10):843. https://doi.org/10.3390/f10100843
Chicago/Turabian StyleCha, Sangsub, Jeonghwan Kim, In Gyu Choi, Jongo Choi, Hyerim Han, Namin Koo, and Yong Suk Kim. 2019. "Pre-Plant Fumigation of Soils for Nematode Control Affects the Seedling Production and Morphological Properties of Pine and Larch Seedlings" Forests 10, no. 10: 843. https://doi.org/10.3390/f10100843