Environmental and Geotechnical Assessment of the Steel Slags as a Material for Road Structure
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Material and Sample Preparation
2.2. Laboratory and Chemical Analysis
2.3. Geotechnical Laboratory Analysis
2.4. Cyclic Loading Tests
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Chemical and Mineralogical Characterisation of the Slag
CaO free | SiO2 | TiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | MnO | MgO free | Na2O | K2O | P2O5 | SO3 | Cl | F |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
27.46 | 16.69 | 0.43 | 6.64 | 33.82 | 3.87 | 6.68 | 0.68 | 0.10 | 0.30 | 0.45 | 0.003 | 2.89 |
Element | Value | Element | Value |
---|---|---|---|
Chromium (Cr) | 2915 | Rubidium (Rb) | 11 |
Zinc (Zn) | 1084 | Arsenium (As) | 10 |
Barium (Ba) | 380 | Cadmium (Cd) | 8 |
Strontium (Sr) | 266 | Uranium (U) | 4 |
Cupper (Cu) | 175 | Bromine (Br) | 5 |
Circonio (Zr) | 109 | Cerium (Ce) | <5 |
Vanadium (V) | 92 | Cobalt (Co) | <5 |
Niobum (Nb) | 62 | Lanthanum (La) | <5 |
Lead (Pb) | 59 | Yttirum (Y) | <3 |
Nickel (Ni) | 26 | Thorium (Th) | <3 |
Tin (Sn) | 15 | Bismuth (Bi) | <3 |
Molybdenum (Mo) | 11 | Gallium (Ga) | <3 |
3.2. Bearing Capacity Tests
CBR Test Condition | 2–25 mm Fraction | (1–2) + 2–25 mm Fraction |
---|---|---|
CBR unsoaked | 240.4 + 148.3∙ρd | 330.7 + 139.2∙ρd |
171.0 − 176.7∙e | 227.3 − 245.5∙e | |
52.0 + 5.1∙w | 74.3 + 36.8∙w | |
240.4 + 299.5∙Is | 330.7 + 402.4∙Is | |
CBR soaked | 369.7 + 207.1∙ρd | 429.4 + 241.5∙ρd |
204.8 − 207.1∙e | 46.8 − 2297.3∙e | |
35.3 + 31.2∙w | 63.6 − 58.6∙w | |
369.7 + 418.4∙Is | 429.4 + 487.8∙Is |
3.3. Cyclic Loading Tests
3.4. Field Tests
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sas, W.; Głuchowski, A.; Radziemska, M.; Dzięcioł, J.; Szymański, A. Environmental and Geotechnical Assessment of the Steel Slags as a Material for Road Structure. Materials 2015, 8, 4857-4875. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma8084857
Sas W, Głuchowski A, Radziemska M, Dzięcioł J, Szymański A. Environmental and Geotechnical Assessment of the Steel Slags as a Material for Road Structure. Materials. 2015; 8(8):4857-4875. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma8084857
Chicago/Turabian StyleSas, Wojciech, Andrzej Głuchowski, Maja Radziemska, Justyna Dzięcioł, and Alojzy Szymański. 2015. "Environmental and Geotechnical Assessment of the Steel Slags as a Material for Road Structure" Materials 8, no. 8: 4857-4875. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma8084857