Reduction of Adipose Tissue Formation by the Controlled Release of BMP-2 Using a Hydroxyapatite-Coated Collagen Carrier System for Sinus-Augmentation/Extraction-Socket Grafting
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Preparation of the HA-Coated Collagen Carrier
2.2. In Vitro Assay for Cell Differentiation Induced by the rhBMP-2 Released from Its Carriers
2.2.1. Preincubation in the Cell-Growth Medium
- Negative control group: standard culture medium.
- Positive control group: standard culture medium containing ErhBMP-2 (1 μg/mL).
- C/BMP-2 group: standard culture medium in which ErhBMP-2-soaked ACS was placed during the planned releasing periods, after presoaking with ErhBMP-2 (1 μg/mL) for 30 min. (C: absorbable collagen sponge)
- HA/BMP-2 group: standard culture medium with the same conditions as for the C/BMP-2 group, except that HA-coated collagen was used as the carrier instead of ACS.
2.2.2. Induction of Osteogenic and Adipogenic Differentiation
2.3. In Vivo Assay for Tissue Regeneration Using Two Types of Animal Model
2.3.1. Experimental Animals
2.3.2. Study Design and Surgical Procedures
- Sham control group: sham surgery sites with no graft (included only in the extraction-socket grafting experiment).
- DBBM group: experimental sites received DBBM only.
- DBBM/C group: experimental sites received DBBM and ACS.
- DBBM/C/BMP-2 group: experimental sites received DBBM and ErhBMP-2-loaded ACS.
- DBBM/HA group: experimental sites received DBBM and HA-coated collagen.
- DBBM/HA/BMP-2 group: experimental sites received DBBM and ErhBMP-2-loaded HA-coated collagen.
2.3.3. Radiographic Analysis Using Micro-Computed Tomographic Images
2.3.4. Histologic/Histomorphometric Analysis
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. In Vitro Cell Differentiation Induced by rhBMP-2 Released from Its Carrier System
3.2. In Vivo Tissue Regeneration in the Rabbit Sinus-Augmentation Model
3.2.1. Radiographic Analysis
3.2.2. Histologic Analysis
Group | DBBM | DBBM/C | DBBM/C/BMP-2 | DBBM/H | DBBM/H/BMP-2 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 weeks | 8 weeks | 2 weeks | 8 weeks | 2 weeks | 8 weeks | 2 weeks | 8 weeks | 2 weeks | 8 weeks | |
NB (%) | 10.42 ± 0.43 | 25.29 ± 4.16 * | 10.58 ± 2.30 | 24.87 ± 4.69 * | 12.09 ± 2.14 | 28.42 ± 2.51 * | 10.97 ± 2.04 | 23.01 ± 3.50 * | 13.29 ± 6.02 | 30.80 ± 5.43 * |
RM (%) | 29.10 ± 4.33 | 19.71 ± 3.89 | 17.52 ± 2.01 | 16.09 ± 3.01 | 13.27 ± 2.32 | 13.95 ± 3.13 | 18.68 ± 2.90 | 15.83 ± 3.63 | 15.26 ± 0.39 | 11.63 ± 1.05 |
AT (%) | 0.15 ± 0.08 | 0.65 ± 0.61 | 0.18 ± 0.06 | 1.55 ± 1.00 | 0.12 ± 0.02 | 12.92 ± 2.91 *†§ | 0.21 ± 0.10 | 1.88 ± 0.92 | 0.11 ± 0.03 | 5.96 ± 2.05 *# |
BV (%) | 1.37 ± 0.54 | 2.42 ± 1.04 | 1.45 ± 0.53 | 3.04 ± 1.30 | 6.26 ± 1.73 *†§ | 2.83 ± 0.50 | 1.34 ± 0.48 | 3.10 ± 1.58 | 3.87 ± 0.77 † | 2.48 ± 0.50 |
CT (%) | 58.96 ± 4.15 | 51.93 ± 7.17 | 70.28 ± 3.04 | 54.46 ± 4.11 | 68.25 ± 3.63 *# | 41.88 ± 5.22 | 68.80 ± 3.86 | 56.19 ± 2.71 | 67.47 ± 6.29 # | 49.13 ± 9.00 |
3.3. In Vivo Tissue Regeneration in the Dog Extraction-Socket Model
3.3.1. Radiographic Analysis
3.3.2. Histologic Analysis
Group | Control | DBBM | DBBM/C | DBBM/C/BMP-2 | DBBM/H | DBBM/H/BMP-2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NB (%) | 39.72 ± 12.85 | 31.58 ±5.92 | 28.44 ± 8.37 | 42.26 ± 8.46 | 26.11 ± 4.93 | 52.92 ± 7.33 † |
RM (%) | 0.00 | 19.78 ± 3.50 | 20.22 ± 8.13 | 8.96 ± 3.93 † | 17.73 ± 5.81 | 4.71 ± 1.19 † |
AT (%) | 26.07 ± 8.08 † | 10.19 ± 1.20 | 12.27 ± 0.88 | 27.20 ± 8.43 †§ | 12.70 ± 2.31 | 16.16 ± 6.12 † |
BV (%) | 6.88 ± 2.43 †§ | 2.74 ± 1.07 | 1.60 ± 0.91 | 4.46 ± 1.24 | 3.24 ± 0.59 | 3.61 ± 2.04 |
CT (%) | 27.33 ± 5.69 | 35.71 ± 8.99 | 37.47 ± 8.86 | 17.13 ± 5.61 † | 40.23 ± 6.68 #§ | 22.60 ± 6.29 † |
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Lee, J.-S.; Kim, T.-W.; Park, S.; Kim, B.-S.; Im, G.-I.; Cho, K.-S.; Kim, C.-S. Reduction of Adipose Tissue Formation by the Controlled Release of BMP-2 Using a Hydroxyapatite-Coated Collagen Carrier System for Sinus-Augmentation/Extraction-Socket Grafting. Materials 2015, 8, 7634-7649. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma8115411
Lee J-S, Kim T-W, Park S, Kim B-S, Im G-I, Cho K-S, Kim C-S. Reduction of Adipose Tissue Formation by the Controlled Release of BMP-2 Using a Hydroxyapatite-Coated Collagen Carrier System for Sinus-Augmentation/Extraction-Socket Grafting. Materials. 2015; 8(11):7634-7649. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma8115411
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Jung-Seok, Tae-Wan Kim, Soyon Park, Byung-Soo Kim, Gun-Il Im, Kyoo-Sung Cho, and Chang-Sung Kim. 2015. "Reduction of Adipose Tissue Formation by the Controlled Release of BMP-2 Using a Hydroxyapatite-Coated Collagen Carrier System for Sinus-Augmentation/Extraction-Socket Grafting" Materials 8, no. 11: 7634-7649. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma8115411