Quality Assessment of Mixed and Ceramic Recycled Aggregates from Construction and Demolition Wastes in the Concrete Manufacture According to the Spanish Standard †
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials
3. Methods
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Composition
Sample a | Rc | Ru | Rb | Rg | Ra | X1 | X2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CDW1 | 49.14 | 29.47 | 16.51 | 0.17 | 4.38 | 0.09 | 0.25 |
CDW2 | 28.67 | 33.91 | 33.56 | 0.11 | 0.83 | 2.64 | 0.28 |
CDW3 | 33.07 | 37.65 | 28.43 | 0.04 | 0.29 | 0.22 | 0.31 |
CDW4 | 46.69 | 20.02 | 31.41 | 0.08 | 1.33 | 0.34 | 0.14 |
CDW5 | 56.41 | 18.08 | 23.96 | 0.00 | 1.18 | 0.21 | 0.16 |
CDW6 | 14.03 | 45.44 | 38.08 | 0.00 | 1.35 | 0.65 | 0.45 |
CDW7 | 44.11 | 17.51 | 33.56 | 0.75 | 0.44 | 3.48 | 0.16 |
CDW8 | 32.01 | 42.69 | 21.42 | 0.58 | 1.02 | 1.84 | 0.44 |
CDW10 | 36.35 | 9.33 | 49.89 | 0.01 | 0.17 | 4.12 | 0.13 |
CDW11 | 12.76 | 21.38 | 64.75 | 0.00 | 0.86 | 0.12 | 0.14 |
CDW12 | 46.86 | 23.83 | 24.08 | 0.00 | 1.05 | 3.81 | 0.35 |
CDW13 | 34.62 | 38.72 | 21.91 | 0.00 | 3.10 | 1.55 | 0.10 |
Mean | 36.23 | 28.17 | 32.30 | 0.14 | 1.33 | 1.59 | 0.24 |
Standard deviation | 13.45 | 11.47 | 13.58 | 0.25 | 1.22 | 1.56 | 0.12 |
Maximum | 56.41 | 45.44 | 64.75 | 0.75 | 4.38 | 4.12 | 0.45 |
Minimum | 12.76 | 9.33 | 16.51 | 0.00 | 0.17 | 0.09 | 0.10 |
- MixRA: samples with ceramic content inferior to 30%. Six facilities produce this type of recycled aggregate (CDW1, CDW3, CDW5, CDW8, CDW12, and CDW13).
- CerRA: samples with ceramic content superior to 30%. The rest of the CDW treatment plants produce this type of recycled aggregate (CDW2, CDW4, CDW6, CDW7, CDW10, and CDW11).
4.2. Physical-Mechanical Properties
Sample | D (mm) | d (mm) | D/d | F.C (%) | S.E (%) | ρa (Mg/m3) | ρrd (Mg/m3) | ρssd (Mg/m3) | W.A (%) | F.I (%) | L.A (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CDW1 | 31.50 | 10.00 | 3.15 | 1.82 | 35.40 | 2.57 | 2.14 | 2.31 | 7.84 | 14.94 | 49.64 |
CDW2 | 31.50 | 0.40 | 78.75 | 2.84 | 20.80 | 2.60 | 2.28 | 2.28 | 9.40 | 29.57 | 46.61 |
CDW3 | 31.50 | 0.40 | 78.75 | 4.08 | 65.90 | 2.65 | 2.29 | 2.43 | 5.96 | 24.67 | 33.23 |
CDW4 | 31.50 | 0.32 | 100.00 | 1.28 | 48.30 | 2.56 | 2.07 | 2.26 | 9.11 | 12.25 | 31.27 |
CDW5 | 31.50 | 1.25 | 25.20 | 0.60 | 49.00 | 2.58 | 2.13 | 2.30 | 8.14 | 9.61 | 37.85 |
CDW6 | 12.50 | 0.06 | 198.40 | 7.09 | 38.80 | 2.58 | 1.91 | 2.17 | 13.46 | 4.64 | 38.47 |
CDW7 | 20.00 | 4.00 | 5.00 | 0.04 | 38.10 | 2.59 | 2.00 | 2.23 | 11.31 | 14.75 | 40.99 |
CDW8 | 31.50 | 2.00 | 15.80 | 0.78 | 45.30 | 2.64 | 2.32 | 2.44 | 5.21 | 11.98 | 35.54 |
CDW9 | 31.50 | 2.00 | 15.80 | 0.44 | 26.70 | 2.56 | 2.16 | 2.32 | 7.27 | 11.85 | 35.96 |
CDW10 | 31.50 | 16.00 | 1.97 | 0.28 | 43.27 | 2.58 | 1.97 | 2.21 | 12.09 | 16.67 | 50.20 |
CDW11 | 31.50 | 10.00 | 3.20 | 0.80 | 11.5 | 2.62 | 2.07 | 2.28 | 10.27 | 42.13 | 33.14 |
CDW12 | 12.50 | 4.00 | 3.10 | 1.42 | 38.10 | 2.66 | 2.16 | 2.35 | 8.65 | 7.07 | 33.21 |
CDW13 | 12.50 | 4.00 | 3.10 | 1.54 | 34.50 | 2.68 | 2.09 | 2.31 | 10.42 | 7.36 | 36.76 |
Mean | 26.23 | 4.19 | 40.94 | 1.77 | 38.13 | 2.61 | 2.12 | 2.30 | 9.16 | 15.96 | 38.68 |
Standard deviation | 8.44 | 4.88 | 58.58 | 1.95 | 13.64 | 0.04 | 0.12 | 0.08 | 2.36 | 10.48 | 6.38 |
Maximum | 31.5 | 16 | 198.4 | 7.09 | 65.9 | 2.68 | 2.32 | 2.44 | 13.46 | 42.13 | 50.2 |
Minimum | 12.5 | 0.06 | 1.97 | 0.04 | 11.5 | 2.56 | 1.91 | 2.17 | 5.21 | 4.64 | 31.27 |
4.2.1. Particle Size Curves
4.2.2. Fine Content
4.2.3. Sand Equivalent
4.2.4. Density
4.2.5. Water Absorption
4.2.6. Shape
4.2.7. Resistance to Fragmentation
4.2.8. Overall Performance
Sample | Class | Type |
---|---|---|
CDW1 | C | I |
CDW2 | C | I |
CDW3 | B | II |
CDW4 | C | I |
CDW5 | B | III |
CDW6 | C | III |
CDW7 | C | II |
CDW8 | B | II |
CDW10 | D | - |
CDW11 | C | I |
CDW12 | C | I |
CDW13 | C | I |
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Rodríguez-Robles, D.; García-González, J.; Juan-Valdés, A.; Morán-del Pozo, J.M.; Guerra-Romero, M.I. Quality Assessment of Mixed and Ceramic Recycled Aggregates from Construction and Demolition Wastes in the Concrete Manufacture According to the Spanish Standard. Materials 2014, 7, 5843-5857. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma7085843
Rodríguez-Robles D, García-González J, Juan-Valdés A, Morán-del Pozo JM, Guerra-Romero MI. Quality Assessment of Mixed and Ceramic Recycled Aggregates from Construction and Demolition Wastes in the Concrete Manufacture According to the Spanish Standard. Materials. 2014; 7(8):5843-5857. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma7085843
Chicago/Turabian StyleRodríguez-Robles, Desirée, Julia García-González, Andrés Juan-Valdés, Julia Mª Morán-del Pozo, and Manuel I Guerra-Romero. 2014. "Quality Assessment of Mixed and Ceramic Recycled Aggregates from Construction and Demolition Wastes in the Concrete Manufacture According to the Spanish Standard" Materials 7, no. 8: 5843-5857. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma7085843