The Inhibition of Aluminum Corrosion in Sulfuric Acid by Poly(1-vinyl-3-alkyl-imidazolium Hexafluorophosphate)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Synthesis and Characterization of PILs
Abbreviation | Name | Structure | MW (g/mol) | DP | IR, cm−1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PImC12 | Poly(1-vinyl-3-dodecylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate) | 60,500 | 148 | 3,168, 2,934, 2,879, 1,553, 1,475, 837, 738, 555 | |
PImC8 | Poly(1-vinyl-3-octylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate) | 51,400 | 145 | 3,168, 2,931, 2,859, 1,554, 1,469, 1,164, 835, 736, 557 | |
PImC4 | Poly(1-vinyl-3-butylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate) | 32,300 | 108 | 3,166, 2,969, 2,881, 1,552, 1,471, 1,162, 836, 738, 557 |
IL | 1H NMR, ppm | 13C NMR, ppm | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alkylic chain | Imidazolium ring | Polymeric chain | N-CH2 | Alkylic chain | Imidazolium ring | N-CH2 | |
PImC12 | 0.89 (b, 3H) 1.26 (b, 18H) 1.72 (b, 2H) | 7.32 (b, 2H) 8.35 (b, 1H) | 1.86 (b, 2H) 2.95 (b, 1H) | 4.09 b, 2H | 14.30, 22.91, 26.51, 29.17 (2C), 29.60 (2C), 29.90 (3C), 32.16 | 123.83, 129.42, 136.12 | 51.60 |
PImC8 | 0.89 (b, 3H) 1.29 (b, 10H) 1.69 (b, 2H) | 7.89 (b, 2H) 8.62 (b, 1H) | 2.28 (b, 2H) 3.24 (t, 1H) | 3.94 b, 2H | 13.57, 21.78, 25.70, 28.15, 28.41, 28.89, 30.95 | 123.83, 128.87, 136.12 | 49.52 |
PImC4 | 0.96 (b, 3H) 1.35 (b, 2H) 1.70 (b, 2H) | 7.68 (b, 1H) 7.89 (b, 1H) 8.66 (b, 1H) | 2.27 (b, 2H) 3.24 (b, 1H) | 3.97 b, 2H | 12.88, 18.78, 30.63 | 123.44, 129.12, 134.49 | 49.08 |
2.2. Materials Preparation
2.3. Test Solution
2.4. Weight Loss Measurements
2.5. Electrochemical Test
2.6. Surface Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Weight Loss Tests
3.2. Electrochemical Test
CI | Concentration (ppm/µM) | 0.1 M H2SO4 | 0.3 M H2SO4 | 0.7 M H2SO4 | 1.0 M H2SO4 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rp (Ohm·cm2) | −Ecorr (mV) | Rp (Ω·cm2) | −Ecorr (mV) | Rp (Ω·cm2) | −Ecorr (mV) | Rp (Ω·cm2) | −Ecorr (mV) | ||
PImC12 | Blank materialAA6061 | 1,423 | 657 | 969 | 651 | 940 | 621 | 924 | 653 |
10/0.16 | 2,270 | 658 | 1,340 | 647 | 1,288 | 639 | 970 | 636 | |
30/0.49 | 2,523 | 653 | 1,491 | 676 | 1,373 | 620 | 1,072 | 642 | |
75/1.24 | 3,334 | 650 | 1,952 | 660 | 1,543 | 644 | 1,203 | 659 | |
100/1.65 | 3,663 | 641 | 2,070 | 658 | 1,667 | 639 | 1,242 | 654 | |
PImC8 | 10/0.19 | 1,982 | 670 | 1,313 | 646 | 1,245 | 643 | 930 | 652 |
30/0.58 | 2,260 | 647 | 1,405 | 655 | 1,345 | 646 | 1,013 | 650 | |
75/1.46 | 2,942 | 646 | 1,843 | 642 | 1,469 | 641 | 1,131 | 655 | |
100/1.95 | 3,052 | 642 | 2,003 | 639 | 1,543 | 644 | 1,176 | 659 | |
PImC4 | 10/0.31 | 1,889 | 657 | 1,283 | 669 | 1,240 | 666 | 929 | 618 |
30/0.92 | 2,034 | 663 | 1,369 | 665 | 1,308 | 632 | 1,001 | 612 | |
75/2.32 | 2,495 | 646 | 1,679 | 665 | 1,434 | 643 | 1,074 | 623 | |
100/3.10 | 2,832 | 647 | 1,727 | 655 | 1,517 | 655 | 1,136 | 623 |
CI | Concentration (ppm/µM) | IE (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.1 M H2SO4 | 0.3 M H2SO4 | 0.7 M H2SO4 | 1.0 M H2SO4 | ||
PImC12 | 10/0.16 | 37 | 28 | 27 | 5 |
30/0.49 | 44 | 35 | 31 | 14 | |
75/1.24 | 57 | 50 | 39 | 23 | |
100/1.65 | 61 | 53 | 44 | 25 | |
PImC8 | 10/0.19 | 28 | 26 | 24 | 1 |
30/0.58 | 37 | 31 | 30 | 9 | |
75/1.46 | 52 | 47 | 36 | 18 | |
100/1.95 | 53 | 52 | 39 | 21 | |
PImC4 | 10/0.31 | 25 | 24 | 24 | 1 |
30/0.92 | 30 | 29 | 28 | 8 | |
75/2.32 | 43 | 42 | 34 | 14 | |
100/3.10 | 50 | 44 | 38 | 19 |
CI | Time (h) | IE (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
10 ppm | 30 ppm | 75 ppm | 100 ppm | ||
PImC12 | 1 | 18 | 23 | 40 | 63 |
3 | 24 | 30 | 37 | 66 | |
6 | 23 | 30 | 36 | 55 | |
9 | 21 | 29 | 38 | 53 | |
PImC8 | 1 | 15 | 20 | 38 | 59 |
3 | 18 | 21 | 30 | 61 | |
6 | 20 | 26 | 29 | 47 | |
9 | 18 | 21 | 30 | 47 | |
PImC4 | 1 | 14 | 16 | 26 | 44 |
3 | 12 | 19 | 27 | 39 | |
6 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 41 | |
9 | 10 | 15 | 30 | 41 |
3.3. Adsorption Isotherms
H2SO4 Solution (M) | CI | R2 | Slope | Kads (mmol−1) | −ΔG0ads (kJ·mol−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.1 | PImC12 | 0.98 | 1.49 | 3,431 | 30.1 |
PImC8 | 0.98 | 1.63 | 2,089 | 28.9 | |
PImC4 | 0.95 | 1.74 | 917 | 26.9 | |
0.3 | PImC12 | 0.98 | 1.63 | 2,219 | 29.1 |
PImC8 | 0.96 | 1.65 | 1,550 | 28.2 | |
PImC4 | 0.98 | 1.99 | 1,062 | 27.2 | |
0.7 | PImC12 | 0.98 | 2.14 | 2,567 | 29.4 |
PImC8 | 0.99 | 2.38 | 2,253 | 29.1 | |
PImC4 | 0.98 | 2.45 | 1,276 | 27.7 | |
1.0 | PImC12 | 0.99 | 2.09 | 350 | 25.0 |
PImC8 | 0.97 | 1.73 | 179 | 22.8 | |
PImC4 | 0.75 | 2.21 | 96 | 21.3 |
3.4. Surface Analysis
3.4.1. Sample Surface after 3 h of Immersion
Spectrum | Weight % | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C | O | Mg | Al | Si | S | Total | |
Without attack | – | – | 1.02 | 98.98 | – | – | 100 |
Blank | – | 6.17 | 0.9 | 91.83 | 0.64 | 0.46 | 100 |
PImC12 | 8.28 | 5.01 | 0.76 | 85.3 | 0.66 | – | 100 |
PImC8 | 4.83 | 2.77 | 0.78 | 91.12 | 0.51 | – | 100 |
PImC4 | 9.42 | 3.52 | 0.74 | 85.67 | 0.65 | – | 100 |
3.4.2. Sample Surface after 30 Days of Immersion
3.5. Adsorption Mechanism
3.5.1. Anodic Reactions
3.5.2. Cathodic Reactions
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Arellanes-Lozada, P.; Olivares-Xometl, O.; Guzmán-Lucero, D.; Likhanova, N.V.; Domínguez-Aguilar, M.A.; Lijanova, I.V.; Arce-Estrada, E. The Inhibition of Aluminum Corrosion in Sulfuric Acid by Poly(1-vinyl-3-alkyl-imidazolium Hexafluorophosphate). Materials 2014, 7, 5711-5734. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma7085711
Arellanes-Lozada P, Olivares-Xometl O, Guzmán-Lucero D, Likhanova NV, Domínguez-Aguilar MA, Lijanova IV, Arce-Estrada E. The Inhibition of Aluminum Corrosion in Sulfuric Acid by Poly(1-vinyl-3-alkyl-imidazolium Hexafluorophosphate). Materials. 2014; 7(8):5711-5734. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma7085711
Chicago/Turabian StyleArellanes-Lozada, Paulina, Octavio Olivares-Xometl, Diego Guzmán-Lucero, Natalya V. Likhanova, Marco A. Domínguez-Aguilar, Irina V. Lijanova, and Elsa Arce-Estrada. 2014. "The Inhibition of Aluminum Corrosion in Sulfuric Acid by Poly(1-vinyl-3-alkyl-imidazolium Hexafluorophosphate)" Materials 7, no. 8: 5711-5734. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma7085711