Characterization of Biomaterials by Soft X-Ray Spectromicroscopy
1
Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4M, Canada
2
School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S4M1, Canada
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Materials 2010, 3(7), 3911-3938; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma3073911
Received: 5 June 2010 / Accepted: 5 July 2010 / Published: 6 July 2010
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Biomaterials)
Synchrotron-based soft X-ray spectromicroscopy techniques are emerging as useful tools to characterize potentially biocompatible materials and to probe protein interactions with model biomaterial surfaces. Simultaneous quantitative chemical analysis of the near surface region of the candidate biomaterial, and adsorbed proteins, peptides or other biological species can be obtained at high spatial resolution via scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) and X-ray photoemission electron microscopy (X-PEEM). Both techniques use near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectral contrast for chemical identification and quantitation. The capabilities of STXM and X-PEEM for the analysis of biomaterials are reviewed and illustrated by three recent studies: (1) characterization of hydrophobic surfaces, including adsorption of fibrinogen (Fg) or human serum albumin (HSA) to hydrophobic polymeric thin films, (2) studies of HSA adsorption to biodegradable or potentially biocompatible polymers, and (3) studies of biomaterials under fully hydrated conditions. Other recent applications of STXM and X-PEEM to biomaterials are also reviewed.
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Keywords:
photoemission electron microscopy; X-PEEM; NEXAFS; scanning transmission X-ray microscopy; STXM; mapping; protein adsorption; human serum albumin; fibrinogen; polymers; blend; topography
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MDPI and ACS Style
Leung, B.O.; Brash, J.L.; Hitchcock, A.P. Characterization of Biomaterials by Soft X-Ray Spectromicroscopy. Materials 2010, 3, 3911-3938. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma3073911
AMA Style
Leung BO, Brash JL, Hitchcock AP. Characterization of Biomaterials by Soft X-Ray Spectromicroscopy. Materials. 2010; 3(7):3911-3938. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma3073911
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeung, Bonnie O.; Brash, John L.; Hitchcock, Adam P. 2010. "Characterization of Biomaterials by Soft X-Ray Spectromicroscopy" Materials 3, no. 7: 3911-3938. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma3073911
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