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Volume 19
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10.3390/ma19081604
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Functionalization of the Surface of Ti6Al4V Alloy Samples Printed Using Additive Technology DMLS for Orthopedic Applications Using Glow Discharge Treatment

by
Gabriela Wielgus
1,*,
Wojciech Kajzer
2,
Julia Lisoń-Kubica
1,
Aleksandra Żurawska
1,
Jakub Wężowicz
1,
Tomasz Borowski
3,
Bogusława Adamczyk-Cieślak
3 and
Anita Kajzer
1
1
Department of Biomaterials and Medical Devices Engineering, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Roosevelta 40 Street, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
2
Department of Biomechanics, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Roosevelta 40 Street, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
3
Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Materials 2026, 19(8), 1604; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19081604
Submission received: 9 March 2026 / Revised: 12 April 2026 / Accepted: 14 April 2026 / Published: 16 April 2026
(This article belongs to the Section Metals and Alloys)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Previous studies of nitrogen and carbonitride layers on titanium alloys have mainly focused on cast or wrought materials. These traditional manufacturing methods are increasingly being replaced by additive methods, which allow the geometry of the manufactured product to be personalized. In the case of multi-component structures, and implant systems in particular, the hardness and abrasion resistance of the surface are insufficient. Therefore, these surfaces must be modified to improve these properties. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the properties of surface-modified Ti64 ELI alloy samples produced by the additive Direct Metal Laser Sintering method. To increase the hardness and abrasion resistance of the surface, a diffusion layer of TiN was produced under glow discharge conditions on samples previously heat-treated at temperatures of 800 °C, 910 °C, and 1020 °C. Since these implants remain in the body, it is important to sterilize them beforehand. Therefore, this study included samples after steam sterilization, and the results were compared to unsterilized samples. This study evaluated the structure of the material, the phase composition of the layer, the topography and wettability of the surface, along with the surface energy (before sterilization θav > 106°), resistance to pitting corrosion, hardness, and tribological properties.
Keywords: Ti64 ELI powder; additive technologies; nitrogen layers; personalized orthopedic implants; testing of mechanical and physicochemical properties Ti64 ELI powder; additive technologies; nitrogen layers; personalized orthopedic implants; testing of mechanical and physicochemical properties

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MDPI and ACS Style

Wielgus, G.; Kajzer, W.; Lisoń-Kubica, J.; Żurawska, A.; Wężowicz, J.; Borowski, T.; Adamczyk-Cieślak, B.; Kajzer, A. Functionalization of the Surface of Ti6Al4V Alloy Samples Printed Using Additive Technology DMLS for Orthopedic Applications Using Glow Discharge Treatment. Materials 2026, 19, 1604. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19081604

AMA Style

Wielgus G, Kajzer W, Lisoń-Kubica J, Żurawska A, Wężowicz J, Borowski T, Adamczyk-Cieślak B, Kajzer A. Functionalization of the Surface of Ti6Al4V Alloy Samples Printed Using Additive Technology DMLS for Orthopedic Applications Using Glow Discharge Treatment. Materials. 2026; 19(8):1604. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19081604

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wielgus, Gabriela, Wojciech Kajzer, Julia Lisoń-Kubica, Aleksandra Żurawska, Jakub Wężowicz, Tomasz Borowski, Bogusława Adamczyk-Cieślak, and Anita Kajzer. 2026. "Functionalization of the Surface of Ti6Al4V Alloy Samples Printed Using Additive Technology DMLS for Orthopedic Applications Using Glow Discharge Treatment" Materials 19, no. 8: 1604. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19081604

APA Style

Wielgus, G., Kajzer, W., Lisoń-Kubica, J., Żurawska, A., Wężowicz, J., Borowski, T., Adamczyk-Cieślak, B., & Kajzer, A. (2026). Functionalization of the Surface of Ti6Al4V Alloy Samples Printed Using Additive Technology DMLS for Orthopedic Applications Using Glow Discharge Treatment. Materials, 19(8), 1604. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19081604

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