Next Article in Journal
Snake Scanning for SEM: Quantification and Correction of Its Inherent Misalignment Distortion Using an External Scan Controller
Previous Article in Journal
Effects of Phosphogypsum–Recycled Aggregate Solid Waste Base on Properties of Vegetation Concrete
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
Materials
Volume 19
Issue 1
10.3390/ma19010015
materials-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Diffusion and Critical Hydrogen Content of Carbon Steels with Different Strengths and Microstructures

by
Dino Zwittnig
1,
Matthias Eichinger
1,*,
Martin Mülleder
2,
Claudius Schindler
2,
Rupert Egger
2 and
Gregor Mori
1
1
Chair of General and Analytical Chemistry, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Franz Josef-Straße 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria
2
Voestalpine Grobblech GmbH, Voestalpine-Strasse 3, 4020 Linz, Austria
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Materials 2026, 19(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19010015 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 5 November 2025 / Revised: 9 December 2025 / Accepted: 17 December 2025 / Published: 19 December 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Corrosion)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Four thermomechanically rolled carbon steels with different strength levels and microstructures, namely S355M, X65M, S960M, and S1100M, were selected, and their critical hydrogen contents Hcrit were determined. Hcrit is the hydrogen content where brittle fracture of the steel can occur. The Hcrit values for the four carbon steels are 2.03 (S355M), 0.91 (X65M), 0.32 (S960M), and 0.53 ppm (S1100M). Bainitic carbon steel S1100M outperforms lower-strength tempered martensitic steel S960M in terms of resistance to hydrogen embrittlement. All other steels follow the trend that a higher strength of steel results in a lower resistance to hydrogen embrittlement. The root cause for the beneficial behavior of bainitic steels is discussed.
Keywords: hydrogen diffusion; critical hydrogen content; carbon steel hydrogen diffusion; critical hydrogen content; carbon steel

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Zwittnig, D.; Eichinger, M.; Mülleder, M.; Schindler, C.; Egger, R.; Mori, G. Diffusion and Critical Hydrogen Content of Carbon Steels with Different Strengths and Microstructures. Materials 2026, 19, 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19010015

AMA Style

Zwittnig D, Eichinger M, Mülleder M, Schindler C, Egger R, Mori G. Diffusion and Critical Hydrogen Content of Carbon Steels with Different Strengths and Microstructures. Materials. 2026; 19(1):15. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19010015

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zwittnig, Dino, Matthias Eichinger, Martin Mülleder, Claudius Schindler, Rupert Egger, and Gregor Mori. 2026. "Diffusion and Critical Hydrogen Content of Carbon Steels with Different Strengths and Microstructures" Materials 19, no. 1: 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19010015

APA Style

Zwittnig, D., Eichinger, M., Mülleder, M., Schindler, C., Egger, R., & Mori, G. (2026). Diffusion and Critical Hydrogen Content of Carbon Steels with Different Strengths and Microstructures. Materials, 19(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19010015

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop