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Materials
Volume 18
Issue 24
10.3390/ma18245692
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Toward Fully Bio-Based Polyurethane Foams: Effects of Radish Seed and Tall Oil Polyols on Biofoam Properties

by
Mikelis Kirpluks
1,2,*,
Maria Kurańska
3,*,
Elżbieta Malewska
3,
Łukasz Bonder
4,
Nanija Dambe
2,5,
Dominika Grucela
3 and
Stanisław Kuciel
6
1
Polymer Laboratory, Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Str. Dzerbenes 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
2
TENAX PANEL Ltd., str. Spodribas 1, LV-3701 Dobele, Latvia
3
Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland
4
Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, CUT Doctoral School, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland
5
Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Str. P. Valdena 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
6
Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, al. Jana Pawła II, 31-864 Kraków, Poland
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Materials 2025, 18(24), 5692; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18245692
Submission received: 8 November 2025 / Revised: 11 December 2025 / Accepted: 15 December 2025 / Published: 18 December 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Study on the Processing, Forming and Properties of Polymer Microcellular Foams)
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Abstract

The development of bio-based polyurethane foams has become a key direction in polymer materials research, driven by the need to replace petrochemical raw materials with renewable alternatives. This study investigates the synthesis and characterization of open-cell polyurethane foams produced using mixed bio-polyols derived from radish seed oil and tall oil in various mass ratios. For comparison, reference foams based on a radish seed oil polyol, tall oil-based polyol and a petrochemical polyol were also prepared. The influence of the polyol composition on the foaming behavior, cell structure, apparent density, mechanical properties, and thermal conductivity of the resulting foams was analyzed.
Keywords: bio-based polyurethane foams; radish seed oil; tall oil polyol; open-cell structure; green chemistry; renewable materials; sustainable polymers bio-based polyurethane foams; radish seed oil; tall oil polyol; open-cell structure; green chemistry; renewable materials; sustainable polymers
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MDPI and ACS Style

Kirpluks, M.; Kurańska, M.; Malewska, E.; Bonder, Ł.; Dambe, N.; Grucela, D.; Kuciel, S. Toward Fully Bio-Based Polyurethane Foams: Effects of Radish Seed and Tall Oil Polyols on Biofoam Properties. Materials 2025, 18, 5692. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18245692

AMA Style

Kirpluks M, Kurańska M, Malewska E, Bonder Ł, Dambe N, Grucela D, Kuciel S. Toward Fully Bio-Based Polyurethane Foams: Effects of Radish Seed and Tall Oil Polyols on Biofoam Properties. Materials. 2025; 18(24):5692. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18245692

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kirpluks, Mikelis, Maria Kurańska, Elżbieta Malewska, Łukasz Bonder, Nanija Dambe, Dominika Grucela, and Stanisław Kuciel. 2025. "Toward Fully Bio-Based Polyurethane Foams: Effects of Radish Seed and Tall Oil Polyols on Biofoam Properties" Materials 18, no. 24: 5692. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18245692

APA Style

Kirpluks, M., Kurańska, M., Malewska, E., Bonder, Ł., Dambe, N., Grucela, D., & Kuciel, S. (2025). Toward Fully Bio-Based Polyurethane Foams: Effects of Radish Seed and Tall Oil Polyols on Biofoam Properties. Materials, 18(24), 5692. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18245692

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