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Volume 18
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10.3390/ma18174072
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Multiscale Mechanical Responses of the Racetrack NbTi Superconducting Coil Under Dynamic Pressures

by
Wei Liu
1,2,*,†,
Lianchun Wang
3,*,†,
Peng Ma
1,
Yong Li
1,2,
Wentao Zhang
1,2,
Peichang Yu
3,
Qiang Chen
3,
Yongbin Wang
4 and
Weiwei Zhang
4
1
Western Superconducting Technologies Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710014, China
2
Xi’an Superconducting Magnet Technologies Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710014, China
3
College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410000, China
4
School of Science, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Materials 2025, 18(17), 4072; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18174072 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 5 August 2025 / Revised: 25 August 2025 / Accepted: 28 August 2025 / Published: 30 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Superconducting Materials: From Structure and Properties to Applications)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Racetrack NbTi superconducting coil is a key component in Maglev train systems due to its excellent mechanical processing performance and lower construction cost. However, dynamic pressures during high-speed operations can influence contact pressures and cause internal filament damage, leading to critical current degradation and quench, which threaten the stable operation of the superconducting magnet. Considering that the NbTi coil has a typical hierarchical structure and comprises thousands of filaments, this study constructs an efficient multiscale framework combining the finite element method (FEM) and self-consistent clustering analysis (SCA) to study the multiscale responses of the NbTi coil. The mechanical responses of the two-scale racetrack coil under monotonic and periodic pressures are investigated, and the effects of the friction contacts between strands are also discussed. The study reveals that internal contacts significantly influence local contact pressures and microscopic stresses, and periodic loading leads to stress accumulation with cycle times. The proposed framework efficiently captures critical microscale responses and can be applied to other multiscale materials and structures.
Keywords: NbTi superconducting coil; multiscale simulation; friction contact; dynamic pressure NbTi superconducting coil; multiscale simulation; friction contact; dynamic pressure

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MDPI and ACS Style

Liu, W.; Wang, L.; Ma, P.; Li, Y.; Zhang, W.; Yu, P.; Chen, Q.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, W. Multiscale Mechanical Responses of the Racetrack NbTi Superconducting Coil Under Dynamic Pressures. Materials 2025, 18, 4072. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18174072

AMA Style

Liu W, Wang L, Ma P, Li Y, Zhang W, Yu P, Chen Q, Wang Y, Zhang W. Multiscale Mechanical Responses of the Racetrack NbTi Superconducting Coil Under Dynamic Pressures. Materials. 2025; 18(17):4072. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18174072

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liu, Wei, Lianchun Wang, Peng Ma, Yong Li, Wentao Zhang, Peichang Yu, Qiang Chen, Yongbin Wang, and Weiwei Zhang. 2025. "Multiscale Mechanical Responses of the Racetrack NbTi Superconducting Coil Under Dynamic Pressures" Materials 18, no. 17: 4072. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18174072

APA Style

Liu, W., Wang, L., Ma, P., Li, Y., Zhang, W., Yu, P., Chen, Q., Wang, Y., & Zhang, W. (2025). Multiscale Mechanical Responses of the Racetrack NbTi Superconducting Coil Under Dynamic Pressures. Materials, 18(17), 4072. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18174072

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