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Article

Strength–Ductility Mechanism of CoCrFeMnNi High-Entropy Alloys with Inverse Gradient-Grained Structures

by
Jie Chen
1,2,3,*,
Yongqiang Hu
2,3,
Pengfei Wang
2,3,
Jingge Li
2,3,
Yu Zheng
4,
Chengtong Lu
5,
Bohong Zhang
2,3,
Jiahai Shen
6 and
Yu Cao
2,3,*
1
School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
2
Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Processing Robotics, College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
3
China International Science & Technology Cooperation Base for Laser Processing Robotics, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
4
Zhejiang Wuma Reducer Co., Ltd., Wenzhou 325019, China
5
Sichuan University-Pittsburgh Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, China
6
Haining Textile Machinery Co., Ltd., Haining 314400, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Materials 2024, 17(7), 1695; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17071695
Submission received: 8 February 2024 / Revised: 1 March 2024 / Accepted: 4 April 2024 / Published: 7 April 2024
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Abstract

The microstructures and mechanical properties of equiatomic CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloys (HEAs) treated with various processing parameters of laser surface heat treatment are studied in this paper. The typical inverse gradient-grained structure, which is composed of a hard central layer and a soft surface layer, can be obtained by laser surface heat treatment. A much narrower gradient layer leads to the highest yield strength by sacrificing ductility when the surface temperature of the laser-irradiated region remains at ~850 °C, whereas the fully recrystallized microstructure, which exists from the top surface layer to the ~1.05 mm depth layer, increases the ductility but decreases the yield strength as the maximum heating temperature rises to ~1050 °C. Significantly, the superior strength–ductility combination can be acquired by controlling the surface temperature of a laser-irradiated surface at ~1000 °C with a scanning speed of ~4 mm/s due to the effect of hetero-deformation-induced strengthening and hardening, as well as the enhanced interaction between dislocation and nanotwins by the hierarchical nanotwins. Therefore, retaining the partial recrystallized microstructure with a relatively high microhardness in the central layer, promoting the generation of hierarchical nanotwins, and increasing the volume proportion of gradient layer can effectively facilitate the inverse gradient-grained CoCrFeMnNi HEAs to exhibit a desirable strength–ductility synergy.
Keywords: high-entropy alloy; laser surface heat treatment; inverse gradient-grained structure; strength–ductility synergy; hierarchical nanotwins high-entropy alloy; laser surface heat treatment; inverse gradient-grained structure; strength–ductility synergy; hierarchical nanotwins
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MDPI and ACS Style

Chen, J.; Hu, Y.; Wang, P.; Li, J.; Zheng, Y.; Lu, C.; Zhang, B.; Shen, J.; Cao, Y. Strength–Ductility Mechanism of CoCrFeMnNi High-Entropy Alloys with Inverse Gradient-Grained Structures. Materials 2024, 17, 1695. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17071695

AMA Style

Chen J, Hu Y, Wang P, Li J, Zheng Y, Lu C, Zhang B, Shen J, Cao Y. Strength–Ductility Mechanism of CoCrFeMnNi High-Entropy Alloys with Inverse Gradient-Grained Structures. Materials. 2024; 17(7):1695. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17071695

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chen, Jie, Yongqiang Hu, Pengfei Wang, Jingge Li, Yu Zheng, Chengtong Lu, Bohong Zhang, Jiahai Shen, and Yu Cao. 2024. "Strength–Ductility Mechanism of CoCrFeMnNi High-Entropy Alloys with Inverse Gradient-Grained Structures" Materials 17, no. 7: 1695. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17071695

APA Style

Chen, J., Hu, Y., Wang, P., Li, J., Zheng, Y., Lu, C., Zhang, B., Shen, J., & Cao, Y. (2024). Strength–Ductility Mechanism of CoCrFeMnNi High-Entropy Alloys with Inverse Gradient-Grained Structures. Materials, 17(7), 1695. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17071695

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