Microstructure, Texture, and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Spot-Welded AA5052-H32: Influence of Tool Rotation Rate
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experiments and Procedures
2.1. Base Material
2.2. FSSW Experiments
2.3. Spot-Welded Joints Characterization
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Joint Appearance
3.2. Heat Input Energy and Cross-Section Macrographs of the Spot-Welded Joints
3.3. Grain Structure
3.4. Crystallographic Texture
3.5. Hardness Evaluation
3.6. Tensile Test Results and Evaluation of Fracture Surfaces
4. Conclusions
- In comparison to the AA5052-H32 BM, all the FSSWed AA5052-H32 lap joints showed an improvement in the hardness of the SZ and TMAZ. Moreover, the SZ displayed higher values of hardness than those observed for the TMAZ and HAZ. In addition, the hardness of the weld zone decreases with increasing rotation speed from 500 to 1000 rpm.
- Compared to the AA5052-H32 BM grain size (40 µm), there was significant grain refining in the SZ of the produced FSSW joints. For the FSSWed joints processed at 1500, 1000, and 500 rpm, the grain size values in the stir zones were 11, 9, and 4 µm, respectively. The grain size decreased with decreasing heat input.
- The texture is mainly dominated by B/-B simple shear texture components with little effect of the rotation rate either on the texture components or the intensity of the texture.
- The spot-welded joint produced at 500 rpm and 2 s showed the highest SZ hardness of 102.3 ± 3 HV0.5 and tensile–shear load value of 4330 ± 30 N among the produced joints.
- When compared to the AA5052-H32 BM, the fracture surfaces on the three welds at the lower sheets showed typical ductile characteristics in the form of small equiaxed dimples, indicating grain refinement due to dynamic recrystallization through the SZ during the FSSW process.
- Finally, this work opens a fruitful field for researchers to work towards manufacturing spot welding joints at a low tool rotation speed equal to or less than 500 rpm and a short time of 2 s for different aluminum alloys, which represents a significant industrial goal to reduce energy use and production time.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Elements | Zn | Fe | Ti | Si | Mg | Cr | Mn | Cu | V | Al |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in wt. %) | 0.200 | 0.258 | 0.018 | 0.127 | 2.490 | 0.195 | 0.090 | 0.001 | 0.001 | Bal. |
A/B Fiber | Shear Plane | Shear Direction | Euler Angles (°) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(hkl) | <uvw> | φ1 | Φ | φ2 | |
35.26/215.26 | 45 | 0/90 | |||
125.26 | 90 | 45 | |||
144.74 | 45 | 0/90 | |||
54.74/234.74 | 90 | 45 | |||
0 | 35.26 | 45 | |||
180 | 35.26 | 45 | |||
B | {112} | 0/120/240 | 54.74 | 45 | |
60/180 | 54.74 | 45 | |||
C | {001} | 90/270 | 45 | 0/90 | |
0/180 | 90 | 45 |
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Ahmed, M.M.Z.; El-Sayed Seleman, M.M.; Albaijan, I.; Abd El-Aty, A. Microstructure, Texture, and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Spot-Welded AA5052-H32: Influence of Tool Rotation Rate. Materials 2023, 16, 3423. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16093423
Ahmed MMZ, El-Sayed Seleman MM, Albaijan I, Abd El-Aty A. Microstructure, Texture, and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Spot-Welded AA5052-H32: Influence of Tool Rotation Rate. Materials. 2023; 16(9):3423. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16093423
Chicago/Turabian StyleAhmed, Mohamed M. Z., Mohamed M. El-Sayed Seleman, Ibrahim Albaijan, and Ali Abd El-Aty. 2023. "Microstructure, Texture, and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Spot-Welded AA5052-H32: Influence of Tool Rotation Rate" Materials 16, no. 9: 3423. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16093423