Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Zinc/Hydroxyapatite Multi-Layer Coating Prepared by Combining Cold Spraying and High-Velocity Suspension Flame Spraying
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Procedures
2.1. Preparation of Cold-Sprayed Zn Coating
2.2. Preparation of Zn/HA-DL Coating and Zn/HA-ML Coating
2.3. Characterization of Phase and Microstructure
2.4. Bonding Strength Test
2.5. Corrosion and Immersion Testing
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Phase Structure
3.2. Cross-Sectional Microstructures
3.3. Bonding Strength
3.4. Potentiodynamic Polarization Property
3.5. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)
3.6. Microstructures after Immersion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Fuel (propane) flow rate, slpm | 27 |
Oxygen flow rate, slpm | 181 |
Suspension flow rate, mL/min | 40 |
Spray distance, mm | 100 |
Torch traverse speed, mm/s | 500 |
Samples | Immersion Time (Day) | βα (mV) | βc (mV) | Icorr (mA/cm2) | Ecorr (V) | Corrosion Rate (mm/Year) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AZ31B sub. | 1 | 690.6 ± 59.9 | 417.6 ± 144.3 | 3.12 ± 0.75 | −1.54 ± 0.01 | 29.9 ± 0.9 |
CS Zn coating | 1 | 455.8 ± 29.7 | 265.5 ± 82.3 | 1.41 ± 0.82 | −1.03 ± 0.02 | 16.5 ± 3.6 |
7 | 678.4 ± 43.3 | 412.9 ± 281.8 | 0.95 ± 0.52 | −1.04 ± 0.06 | 11.2 ± 4.2 | |
14 | 517.5 ± 45.1 | 314.8 ± 109.6 | 0.73 ± 0.12 | −1.11 ± 0.09 | 8.5 ± 1.2 | |
Zn/HA-DL coating | 1 | 413.2 ± 60.1 | 291.1 ± 36.8 | 1.06 ± 0.31 | −0.94 ± 0.01 | 12.5 ± 3.7 |
7 | 451.1 ± 32.7 | 312.1 ± 20.8 | 0.56 ± 0.04 | −0.97 ± 0.01 | 6.7 ± 0.6 | |
14 | 368.3 ± 47.3 | 283.7 ± 17.9 | 0.37 ± 0.12 | −0.97 ± 0.02 | 4.4 ± 1.5 | |
Zn/HA-ML coating | 1 | 417.2 ± 17.3 | 336.1 ± 25.1 | 0.88 ± 0.27 | −0.99 ± 0.02 | 10.3 ± 3.2 |
7 | 296.7 ± 19.5 | 311.5 ± 45.8 | 0.24 ± 0.11 | −0.98 ± 0.01 | 2.8 ± 1.4 | |
14 | 281.81 ± 67.3 | 318.5 ± 16.1 | 0.14 ± 0.07 | −0.99 ± 0.03 | 1.7 ± 0.9 |
Samples | Immersion Time (Day) | Rs (ohm·cm2) | R1 (ohm·cm2) | CPE1 (mF·cm−2·sn) | n1 | R2 (ohm·cm2) | CPE2 (mF·cm−2·sn) | n2 | Rp (R1 + R2) (ohm·cm2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AZ31B sub. | 1 | 27.2 ± 5.6 | - | - | - | 21.5 ± 5.8 | 0.0511 ± 0.0112 | 0.767 ± 0.019 | 21.5 ± 5.8 |
CS Zn coating | 1 | 26.8 ± 1.1 | 36.5 ± 19.2 | 0.0017 ± 0.0008 | 0.832 ± 0.071 | 100.2 ± 42.6 | 0.0121 ± 0.0014 | 0.607 ± 0.131 | 136.7 ± 51.2 |
7 | 30.9 ± 4.28 | 25.9 ± 12.4 | 0.0021 ± 0.0006 | 0.722 ± 0.149 | 163.6 ± 50.4 | 0.0151 ± 0.0062 | 0.486 ± 0.117 | 189.5 ± 78.1 | |
14 | 33.9 ± 8.9 | 57.1 ± 7.1 | 0.0058 ± 0.0007 | 0.503 ± 0.142 | 323.3 ± 91.6 | 0.0121 ± 0.0045 | 0.546 ± 0.288 | 380.4 ± 88.6 | |
Zn/HA-DL coating | 1 | 46.7 ± 10.4 | 118.2 ± 69.5 | 0.0013 ± 0.0005 | 0.616 ± 0.058 | 241.4 ± 89.1 | 0.0182 ± 0.0015 | 0.417 ± 0.359 | 359.5 ± 85.6 |
7 | 52.1 ± 4.1 | 102.2 ± 49.4 | 0.0011 ± 0.0002 | 0.582 ± 0.056 | 358.6 ± 96.4 | 0.0153 ± 0.0013 | 0.596 ± 0.081 | 460.8 ± 94.8 | |
14 | 60.4 ± 3.4 | 239.8 ± 86.6 | 0.0012 ± 0.0004 | 0.612 ± 0.111 | 365.2 ± 83.5 | 0.0145 ± 0.0082 | 0.731 ± 0.336 | 604.9 ± 81.8 | |
Zn/HA-ML coating | 1 | 30.8 ± 6.9 | 76.7 ± 23.8 | 0.0019 ± 0.0004 | 0.374 ± 0.012 | 160.7 ± 56.8 | 0.0246 ± 0.0091 | 0.668 ± 0.013 | 237.4 ± 65.3 |
7 | 52.2 ± 10.1 | 107.8 ± 36.2 | 0.0011 ± 0.0007 | 0.543 ± 0.043 | 193.8 ± 63.9 | 0.0177 ± 0.0072 | 0.736 ± 0.143 | 301.6 ± 89.2 | |
14 | 66.1 ± 9.8 | 184.3 ± 62.1 | 0.0015 ± 0.0001 | 0.513 ± 0.032 | 292.9 ± 62.1 | 0.0147 ± 0.0011 | 0.714 ± 0.121 | 477.2 ± 78.9 |
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Yao, H.; Hu, X.; Chen, Q.; Wang, H.; Bai, X. Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Zinc/Hydroxyapatite Multi-Layer Coating Prepared by Combining Cold Spraying and High-Velocity Suspension Flame Spraying. Materials 2023, 16, 6782. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16206782
Yao H, Hu X, Chen Q, Wang H, Bai X. Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Zinc/Hydroxyapatite Multi-Layer Coating Prepared by Combining Cold Spraying and High-Velocity Suspension Flame Spraying. Materials. 2023; 16(20):6782. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16206782
Chicago/Turabian StyleYao, Hailong, Xiaozhen Hu, Qingyu Chen, Hongtao Wang, and Xiaobo Bai. 2023. "Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Zinc/Hydroxyapatite Multi-Layer Coating Prepared by Combining Cold Spraying and High-Velocity Suspension Flame Spraying" Materials 16, no. 20: 6782. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16206782