Surface Functionalization of Ureteral Stents-Based Polyurethane: Engineering Antibacterial Coatings
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Grafting of FA Derivatives on CS
2.2. Fabrication of CS-FA-Coated PU Stents
2.3. Physicochemical Characterization
2.3.1. Fourier Transform Infra-Red in Attenuated Total Reflection Mode–(FTIR-ATR)
2.3.2. Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR)
2.3.3. X-rays Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)
2.3.4. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
2.3.5. Crystal Violet Staining
2.3.6. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
2.4. Cytotoxicity Studies against L929 Murine Fibroblasts
2.5. In Vitro Antibacterial Activity
2.5.1. Bacterial Attachment Assay
2.5.2. Live/Dead Fluorescence Assay
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Structural Characterization of CS-FA Derivatives
3.2. Functionalized PU Stents with CS-FA Derivatives: Physicochemical Characterization
3.3. Biological Performance
3.3.1. Cytotoxicity Studies against L929 Murine Fibroblasts
3.3.2. Antibacterial Assessments
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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C 1s Assignment (%) | ||||||
Components | PU | PU-AAc | CS-PU | CS-SA-PU | CS-OA-PU | CS-LinA-PU |
C-C/C-H/C=C | 49.05 ± 1.31 (285.1 eV) | 45.63 ± 3.81 (284.9 eV) | 37.73 ± 1.64 (285.0 eV) | 39.11 ± 3.16 (284.9 eV) | 31.31 ± 5.13 (284.9 eV) | 34.69 ± 1.60 (284.9 eV) |
C-N | 27.13 ± 1.20 (286.4 eV) | 21.54± 7.22 (286.4 eV) | 29.51 ± 6.94 (286.4 eV) | 25.85 ± 1.26 (286.4 eV) | 27.33 ± 4.02 (286.4 eV) | 30.02 ± 1.12 (286.4 eV) |
C=O | 3.53 ± 1.13 (289.5 eV) | 7.47± 2.77 (289.0 eV) | 6.49 ± 4.30 (289.0 eV) | 3.05 ± 0.58 (289.2 eV) | 4.82 ± 0.55 (289.2 eV) | 3.37 ± 0.62 (289.2 eV) |
C-O | - | 2.47± 0.08 (287.4 eV) | 3.22 ± 0.10 (288.2 eV) | 3.43 ± 0.88 (288.2 eV) | 5.66 ± 1.85 (288.2 eV) | 3.65 ± 0.42 (288.2 eV) |
N 1s Assignment (%) | ||||||
C–N | 0.13 ± 0.02 (398.5 eV) | 0.13 ± 0.01 (398.5 eV) | 0.17 ± 0.04 (398.5 eV) | 0.15 ± 0.01 (398.5 eV) | 0.2 7± 0.01 (398.5 eV) | 0.45 ± 0.04 (398.5 eV) |
Urethane -N-C(=O) | 2.86 ± 0.05 (400.2 eV) | 1.05 ± 0.55 (399.7 eV) | 0.86 ± 0.36 (399.7 eV) | 1.16 ± 0.12 (399.7 eV) | 1.94 ± 0.31 (399.7 eV) | 0.97 ± 0.09 (399.7 eV) |
NH3+ | 0.32 ± 0.02 (402.6 eV) | 0.25 ± 0.02 (403.8 eV) | 0.05 ± 0.01 (403.8 eV) | 0.11 ± 0.09 (403.8 eV) | 0.15 ± 0.01 (402.6 eV) | 0.03 ± 0.01 (403.8 eV) |
Amine | - | 0.94 ± 0.01 (399.5 eV) | 1.66 ± 0.72 (401.8 eV) | 2.30 ± 0.44 (401.8 eV) | 2.05 ± 0.77 (401.8 eV) | 2.74 ± 0.16 (401.8 eV) |
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Ecevit, K.; Silva, E.; Rodrigues, L.C.; Aroso, I.; Barros, A.A.; Silva, J.M.; Reis, R.L. Surface Functionalization of Ureteral Stents-Based Polyurethane: Engineering Antibacterial Coatings. Materials 2022, 15, 1676. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15051676
Ecevit K, Silva E, Rodrigues LC, Aroso I, Barros AA, Silva JM, Reis RL. Surface Functionalization of Ureteral Stents-Based Polyurethane: Engineering Antibacterial Coatings. Materials. 2022; 15(5):1676. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15051676
Chicago/Turabian StyleEcevit, Kardelen, Eduardo Silva, Luísa C. Rodrigues, Ivo Aroso, Alexandre A. Barros, Joana M. Silva, and Rui L. Reis. 2022. "Surface Functionalization of Ureteral Stents-Based Polyurethane: Engineering Antibacterial Coatings" Materials 15, no. 5: 1676. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15051676