Aging-Dependent Changes in Mechanical Properties of the New Generation of Bulk-Fill Composites
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Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dental Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Private Dental Practice, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editors: Marco Salerno and Bruno Chrcanovic
Materials 2022, 15(3), 902; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15030902
Received: 14 December 2021
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Revised: 18 January 2022
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Accepted: 21 January 2022
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Published: 25 January 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Bulk-Fill Composite Resins)
This study evaluated the behavior of a new generation of bulk-fill resin composites after prolonged exposure to an aqueous environment and accelerated aging in ethanol. Six bulk-fill materials were tested (Tetric PowerFill, Filtek One Bulk Fill Restorative, Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill, Fill-Up!, Tetric PowerFlow, SDR Plus Bulk Fill Flowable) and compared to two conventional reference materials (Tetric EvoCeram and Tetric EvoFlow). Flexural strength, modulus, and Weibull parameters were examined at three time points: 1 day, 30 days, and 30 days followed by ethanol immersion. Degree of conversion after 30 days, water sorption, and solubility up to 90 days were also investigated. Filtek One Bulk Fill had the highest flexural strength and modulus among the tested materials, followed by Tetric PowerFill and SDR plus. Flexural strength and modulus of high-viscosity bulk-fill materials showed higher stability after accelerated aging in ethanol compared to their low-viscosity counterparts and reference materials. After 30 days, the degree of conversion was above 80% for all tested materials. Dual-cure material Fill-Up! was the best-cured material. The water sorption was highest for Fill-Up!, Filtek One Bulk Fill Restorative, and Tetric EvoFlow, while solubility was highest for Tetric EvoCeram. After aging in water and ethanol, new generation high-viscosity bulk-fill materials showed better mechanical properties than low-viscosity bulk-fill and conventional composites under extended light curing conditions.
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Keywords:
aging; bulk-fill; composite; ethanol; Weibull analysis; flexural strength; flexural modulus; water sorption; solubility; degree of conversion
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MDPI and ACS Style
Marovic, D.; Par, M.; Macan, M.; Klarić, N.; Plazonić, I.; Tarle, Z. Aging-Dependent Changes in Mechanical Properties of the New Generation of Bulk-Fill Composites. Materials 2022, 15, 902. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15030902
AMA Style
Marovic D, Par M, Macan M, Klarić N, Plazonić I, Tarle Z. Aging-Dependent Changes in Mechanical Properties of the New Generation of Bulk-Fill Composites. Materials. 2022; 15(3):902. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15030902
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarovic, Danijela, Matej Par, Matea Macan, Nikolina Klarić, Iva Plazonić, and Zrinka Tarle. 2022. "Aging-Dependent Changes in Mechanical Properties of the New Generation of Bulk-Fill Composites" Materials 15, no. 3: 902. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15030902
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