Effect of Ultrafine Fly Ash and Water Glass Content on the Performance of Phosphorus Slag-Based Geopolymer
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Raw Materials
2.2. Mixture Proportions
2.3. Testing Methods
2.3.1. Compressive Strength Test
2.3.2. Heat of Hydration Test
2.3.3. Autogenous Shrinkage Test
2.3.4. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG)
2.3.5. X-ray Diffraction (XRD)
2.3.6. Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP)
2.3.7. Chloride Penetration Resistance Test
2.3.8. SEM Test
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Heat of Hydration
3.2. Compressive Strength
3.3. Autogenous Shrinkage
3.4. Chloride Penetration Resistance
3.5. TG
3.6. XRD
3.7. Pore Structure
3.8. SEM
4. Conclusions
- WUFA promoted the geopolymers to release more heat in the reaction, which is attributed to the Al in the WUFA being supplemented into the geopolymer and being used to generate more N-A-S-(H) gels. The increase in the activator content elevated the alkalinity of the reaction environment, which led, in turn, to a more intense condensation reaction.
- The compressive strength of the WUFA-PS-based geopolymer was significantly improved, compared to that of a single PS, possibly due to the supplementation of the missing elements in PS and the filling effect of WUFA. The compressive strength of PS85-25 was increased by 20.1%, compared to PS85-15, at the age of 3 days. Similarly, the improvement in the ratio of the activator provided more convenient conditions for the enhancement of mechanical properties.
- The autogenous shrinkage and thermogravimetric test confirmed that WUFA caused more gel products in the WUFA-PS-based geopolymer than in the PS, which equally exacerbated the autogenous shrinkage of the specimens.
- WUFA and the addition of more activators decreased the porosity of the geopolymers; filled a number of large capillary pores, making them fine capillary pores; and prompted the percentage of gel pores to keep rising. The proportion of gel pores in PS85-25 improved by 34.4%, compared to PS100-25, while the proportion of large capillaries decreased by 57.3%. In addition, the connectivity of the pores was reduced, as shown by the decrease in the value of the electric flux with the addition of WUFA and more activators.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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CaO | Fe2O3 | SiO2 | MgO | Al2O3 | TiO2 | P2O5 | SO3 | F | LOI | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PS | 38.8 | 1.5 | 41.3 | 1.6 | 5.9 | 0.4 | 3.5 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.6 |
RFA | 5.2 | 3.6 | 44.8 | 0.6 | 39.2 | 1.4 | - | 1.5 | - | 3.4 |
Sample | PS (wt %) | WUFA (wt %) | SS (wt %) | River Sand (wt %) |
---|---|---|---|---|
PS100-25 | 100 | 0 | 25 | 200 |
PS95-25 | 95 | 5 | 25 | 200 |
PS85-25 | 85 | 15 | 25 | 200 |
PS75-25 | 75 | 25 | 25 | 200 |
PS85-20 | 85 | 15 | 20 | 200 |
PS85-15 | 85 | 15 | 15 | 200 |
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Yang, J.; Yu, X.; He, X.; Su, Y.; Zeng, J.; Dai, F.; Guan, S. Effect of Ultrafine Fly Ash and Water Glass Content on the Performance of Phosphorus Slag-Based Geopolymer. Materials 2022, 15, 5395. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15155395
Yang J, Yu X, He X, Su Y, Zeng J, Dai F, Guan S. Effect of Ultrafine Fly Ash and Water Glass Content on the Performance of Phosphorus Slag-Based Geopolymer. Materials. 2022; 15(15):5395. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15155395
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Jin, Xiaolei Yu, Xingyang He, Ying Su, Jingyi Zeng, Fei Dai, and Shiyu Guan. 2022. "Effect of Ultrafine Fly Ash and Water Glass Content on the Performance of Phosphorus Slag-Based Geopolymer" Materials 15, no. 15: 5395. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15155395