Mechanical Characterization of Dental Prostheses Manufactured with PMMA–Graphene Composites
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
- Graphite powder with a purity higher 99.5% (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany);
- Hydrazine hydrate (HH, 80%) (Loba Chemi. Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India);
- Methyl methacrylate (MMA) (Acros Chemical Co., Loughborough, UK, 99%);
- Benzoyl peroxide (BP, BDH Chemicals Ltd., East Yorkshire, UK) was used as an initiator;
- Potassium permanganate (KMnO4, >99%) (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany);
- Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 30%) (Merck Darmstadt, Germany).
- -
- Three washes with sodium lauryl sulfate 20% and water for 5 min in ultrasound;
- -
- Three washes in distilled water for 5 min in ultrasound;
- -
- Three washes in 96% ethanol for 5 min under ultrasound;
- -
- Drying with nitrogen N2 (g) for 5 min.
2.2. Raman Spectroscopy
2.3. Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC)
2.4. Shore Hardness (HSD)
2.5. Hardness by Vickers Indentation
2.6. Compression Test
2.7. Surface Wear (“Pin-on-Disc Test”)
2.8. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM)
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mn [g·mol−1] | Mw [g·mol−1] | Mz [g·mol−1] | Mz [g·mol−1] | PDI [a.u] | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PMMA | 51,029–54,175 | 104,175–107,231 | 240,674–251,413 | 663,145–698,799 | 1.979–2.041 |
HSD | HVN | |
---|---|---|
PMMA | 81 ± 3.8 | 23.6 ± 1.1 |
G-PMMA | 81 ± 3.2 | 24.6 ± 0.7 |
E (GPa) | Fmax (MPa) | |
---|---|---|
PMMA | 2.01 ± 0.22 | 129.43 ± 7.75 |
G-PMMA | 2.89 ± 0.35 | 140.23 ± 3.69 |
SWR (g/N·m) | µm (MPa) | |
---|---|---|
PMMA | 1.93 × 10−7 ± 0.22 × 10−7 | 0.4032 ± 0.0251 |
G-PMMA | 1.33 × 10−7 ± 0.17 × 10−7 | 0.4001 ± 0.0109 |
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Punset, M.; Brizuela, A.; Pérez-Pevida, E.; Herrero-Climent, M.; Manero, J.M.; Gil, J. Mechanical Characterization of Dental Prostheses Manufactured with PMMA–Graphene Composites. Materials 2022, 15, 5391. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15155391
Punset M, Brizuela A, Pérez-Pevida E, Herrero-Climent M, Manero JM, Gil J. Mechanical Characterization of Dental Prostheses Manufactured with PMMA–Graphene Composites. Materials. 2022; 15(15):5391. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15155391
Chicago/Turabian StylePunset, Miquel, Aritza Brizuela, Esteban Pérez-Pevida, Mariano Herrero-Climent, José Maria Manero, and Javier Gil. 2022. "Mechanical Characterization of Dental Prostheses Manufactured with PMMA–Graphene Composites" Materials 15, no. 15: 5391. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15155391